Florfenicol, oo ah monofluorinated synthetic derivative of thiamphenicol, waa dawo cusub oo bakteeriyada bakteeriyada chloramphenicol, taas oo si guul leh loo soo saaray dabayaaqadii 1980-yadii.
Xaaladda cudurrada soo noqnoqda, beero badan oo doofaarro ah ayaa si joogta ah u isticmaala florfenicol si looga hortago ama loo daweeyo cudurrada doofaarka.Nooc kasta oo cudur ah, iyada oo aan loo eegin kooxda ama marxaladda, beeralayda qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan qiyaasta sare ee florfenicol si ay u daaweeyaan ama uga hortagaan cudurka.Florfenicol ma aha daawooyin.Waa in si macquul ah loo isticmaalo si loo gaaro saameynta la rabo.Kuwa soo socdaa waa hordhac faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan dareenka caadiga ah ee isticmaalka florfenicol, oo rajeynaya inuu caawiyo qof walba:
1. Astaamaha lidka bakteeriyada ee florfenicol
(1) Florfenicol waa daawada antibiyootiga oo leh spectrum bakteeriyad balaadhan oo lid ku ah bakteeriyada kala duwan ee Gram-positive iyo negative iyo mycoplasma.Bakteeriyada xasaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah bovine iyo porcine Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Bacillus hargabka, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, iwm saameyn ka hortag ah oo wanaagsan.
(2) In vitro iyo in vivo baaritaanada ayaa muujinaya in dhaq-dhaqaaqa bakteeriyada ay si aad ah uga fiican tahay daawooyinka hadda jira ee bakteeriyada, sida thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin iyo quinolones hadda si ballaaran loo isticmaalo.
(3) Dhaqdhaqaaqa degdega ah, florfenicol waxay gaari kartaa fiirsashada daawaynta ee dhiiga 1 saac kadib duritaanka muruqa, iyo feejignaanta daroogada ugu sarreysa waxaa lagu gaari karaa 1.5-3 saacadood;fiirsashada daawada dhiiga ee wax ku oolka leh ee wax ku oolka leh ee wax ku oolka leh ayaa lagu hayn karaa in ka badan 20 saacadood ka dib hal maamul.
(4) Waxay geli kartaa xannibaadda dhiigga-maskaxda, iyo saamaynta daawaynta ee bakteeriyada qoorgooyaha xayawaanka lama barbardhigi karo daawooyinka kale ee bakteeriyada.
(5) Ma laha wax sun ah iyo waxyeelo marka loo isticmaalo qiyaasta lagu taliyey, waxay ka gudubtaa khatarta dhiig-yaraanta aplastic anemia iyo sunta kale ee ay keento thiamphenicol, oo aan waxyeello u geysanayn xayawaanka iyo cuntada.Waxa loo isticmaalaa infekshannada qaybaha kala duwan ee jidhka ee ay keento bakteeriyada xoolaha.Daaweynta doofaarka, oo ay ku jiraan ka hortagga iyo daaweynta cudurrada neef-mareenka bakteeriyada, qoorgooyaha, pleurisy, naaso, caabuqa mindhicirka iyo cilladda postpartum ee doofaarka.
2. Bakteeriyada u nugul ee florfenicol iyo cudurka doofaarka ee florfenicol ee la doorbido
(1) Cudurada doofaarka halkaasoo florfenicol la doorbido
Alaabtan waxa lagula talinayaa in ay noqoto dawada doorashada ee pneumonia doofaarka, caabuqa caabuqa ee pleuropneumonia iyo cudurka Haemophilus parasuis, gaar ahaan daawaynta bakteeriyada u adkaysata fluoroquinolones iyo antibiyootiga kale.
(2) Florfenicol waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa daawaynta cudurada doofaarka ee soo socda
Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo cudurrada neef-mareenka ee ay sababaan Streptococcus kala duwan (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (asthma doofaarka), iwm.;salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (asthma piglet) cudurada habka dheefshiidka sida enteritis uu keeno shuban jaale ah, shuban cad, cudurka bararka doofaarka) iyo bakteeriyada kale ee xasaasiga ah.Florfenicol waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daaweynta cudurradan doofaarka, laakiin ma aha daawada doorashada ee cudurrada doofaarka, sidaas darteed waa in si taxadar leh loo isticmaalo.
3. Isticmaalka aan habboonayn ee florfenicol
(1) Qadarku aad buu u weyn yahay ama aad buu u yar yahay.Qaar ka mid ah qiyaasaha quudinta isku dhafan waxay gaadhaan 400 mg/kg, iyo qiyaasaha duritaanka waxay gaadhaan 40-100 mg/kg, ama xataa ka sareeya.Qaarkood waxay u yar yihiin sida 8 ~ 15mg / kg.Qiyaaso waaweyni waa sun, iyo qiyaaso yaryar ayaa ah kuwo aan waxtar lahayn.
(2) Waqtigu aad buu u dheer yahay.Qaar ka mid ah isticmaalka muddada-dheer ee isticmaalka daawooyinka aan la xakameynin.
(3) Isticmaalka walxaha iyo marxaladaha waa khalad.Beeridda uurka leh iyo doofaarrada naaxinaya waxay u isticmaalaan daroogooyinkan si aan kala sooc lahayn, taasoo keenta sunta ama haraaga daroogooyinka, taasoo keenta soo saarid iyo cunto aan ammaan ahayn.
(4) Waafaqid aan habboonayn.Dadka qaar ayaa inta badan isticmaala florfenicol marka lagu daro sulfonamides iyo cephalosporins.Haddii ay tahay mid cilmiyeysan oo macquul ah ayaa mudan in la baadho.
(5) Quudinta iyo maamulka isku dhafka ah si siman looma walaaqo, taasoo keentay wax saameyn ah oo daawa ama sunta daroogada ah.
4. Isticmaalka taxaddarrada florfenicol
(1) Alaabtan waa inaan lagu darin macrolides (sida tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, iwm.), lincosamide (sida lincomycin, clindamycin) iyo diterpenoid semi-synthetic antibiyootiga. marka la isku daro waxay soo saari kartaa saameyn liddi ku ah.
(2) Alaabtan looma isticmaali karo marka lagu daro amines β-lactone (sida penicillins, cephalosporins) iyo fluoroquinolones (sida enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, iwm.), sababtoo ah alaabtani waa horjooge bakteeriyada bakteeriyada Synthetic si degdeg ah u dhaq-dhaqaaqa bakteeriyada bakteeriyada. , kan dambe waa bakteeriyada dhaqsaha badan u shaqeysa inta lagu jiro xilliga taranka.Marka la eego ficilka kii hore, isku-dhafka borotiinka bakteeriyada si dhakhso ah ayaa loo joojiyaa, bakteeriyada waxay joojisaa koritaanka iyo taranka, iyo saameynta bakteeriyada dambe ayaa daciiftay.Sidaa darteed, marka daawadu u baahan tahay in ay samayso saamayn nadiifin degdeg ah, lama wada isticmaali karo.
(3) Alaabtan laguma qasi karo sulfadiazine sodium si loogu duro muruqa.Waa in aan lagu darin dawooyinka alkalineka ah marka afka laga qaato ama muruq ahaan, si looga fogaado burburka iyo fashilka.Sidoo kale kuma habboona duritaanka xididada ee tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, iwm, si looga fogaado roobka iyo hoos u dhaca waxtarka.
(4) Murqaha oo xumaada iyo necrosis waxa laga yaabaa in ay sababto cirbadeynta muruqa ka dib.Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu duri karaa beddelka muruqyada qoto dheer ee qoorta iyo barida, mana habboona in lagu celiyo cirbadaha isla goobta.
(5) Sababtoo ah badeecadani waxay yeelan kartaa embryotoxicity, waa in si taxadar leh loogu isticmaalo beerida uurka leh iyo kuwa nuujinaya.
(6) Marka heerkulka jidhka ee doofaarka buka uu sarreeyo, waxaa lagu dari karaa daawooyinka antipyretic analgesics iyo dexamethasone, saameyntuna waa ka sii fiican tahay.
(7) Ka-hortagga iyo daawaynta cudurka neef-mareenka ee porcine (PRDC), dadka qaar waxay ku talinayaan in la isku daro isticmaalka florfenicol iyo amoxicillin, florfenicol iyo tylosin, iyo florfenicol iyo tylosin.Ku habboon, sababtoo ah marka laga eego aragtida daawada, labadaba looma isticmaali karo isku darka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, florfenicol waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daro tetracyclines sida doxycycline.
(8) Alaabtani waxay leedahay sunta dhiiga.Inkasta oo aysan keeni doonin dhuuxa lafta anemia aplastic anemia oo aan laga noqon karin, xannibaadda la celin karo ee erythropoiesis ee ay keento waxay ka badan tahay kan chloramphenicol (naafo ah).Waa la mamnuucay xilliga tallaalka ama xayawaanka leh difaac la'aan daran.
(9) Isticmaalka muddada dheer waxay keeni kartaa khalkhal xagga dheefshiidka ah iyo fitamiin yaraan ama calaamadaha caabuqa.
(10) Kahortagga iyo daawaynta cudurka doofaarka, waa in laga taxadaraa, daawadana waa in loo maamulaa si waafaqsan qiyaasta iyo habka daawaynta, waana in aan lagu xadgudbin si looga fogaado cawaaqib xumo.
(11) Xoolaha qaba kelyo-yaraanta, qiyaasta waa in la dhimaa ama muddada maamulka waa in la kordhiyaa.
(12) Haddii ay dhacdo heerkul hooseeya, waxaa la ogaaday in heerka kala diriddu uu gaabis yahay;ama xalka la diyaariyey ayaa leh roobab florfenicol, oo kaliya waxay u baahan tahay in wax yar la kululeeyo (aan ka badnayn 45 ℃) si dhakhso ah u milaan dhammaan.Xalka la diyaariyey waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la isticmaalo 48 saacadood gudahood.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-09-2022