Hadda oo aan ka hadalno jiilka saddexaad ee nicotinic insecticide dinotefuran, aan marka hore kala saarno kala soocida cayayaanka nicotinic.
Jiilkii ugu horreeyay ee nikotiinta: imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid.Dhexdhexaadiyaha ugu weyn waa 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, oo ka tirsan kooxda chloropyridyl.
Alaabooyinka nikotiinka ee jiilka labaad: thiamethoxam), clothianidin.Dhexdhexaadiyaha ugu weyn waa 2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole, oo ka tirsan kooxda chlorothiazolyl.
Jiilka saddexaad ee nicotine-ka: dinotefuran, kooxda tetrahydrofuran ayaa beddelaya kooxda chloro, oo kuma jiraan curiyeyaasha halogen.
Habka ficil-celinta nicotine-ka ayaa ah in lagu dhaqmo habka gudbinta neerfaha ee cayayaanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay si aan caadi ahayn u xamaasadsato, curyaan u noqoto oo u dhintaan, sidoo kale waxay leedahay saameynta dilka xiriirka iyo sunta caloosha.Marka la barbardhigo nikotiinka dhaqameed, dinotefuran kuma jiraan curiyeyaasha halogen, iyo milmaheeda biyuhu waa ka xoog badan yihiin, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dinotefuran si fudud loo nuugo;iyo sunta afka ee shinnidu waa kaliya 1/4.6 ee thiamethoxam, sunta taabashadu waa kala badh thiamethoxam.
Laga bilaabo Agoosto 30, 2022, dalkaygu wuxuu leeyahay 25 shahaadooyin diiwaangelin oo loogu talagalay alaabada farsamada dinotefuran;164 shahaadooyin isdiiwaangelin ah oo hal qaadasho ah iyo 111 shahaadooyin isdiiwaangelin ah oo isku darka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 51 sunta cayayaanka nadaafadda ah.
Foomamka qiyaasta qiyaasta ee diiwaangashan waxaa ka mid ah granules milmi, wakiilada laalista, granules biyaha la kala diri karo, wakiilada dahaarka abuurka la hakiyay, granules, iwm., iyo hal qiyaasta qiyaasta waa 0.025%-70%.
Alaabooyinka la isku daray waxaa ka mid ah pymetrozine, spirotetramat, pyridaben, bifenthrin, iwm.
01 Dinotefuran + Pymetrozine
Pymetrozine waxay leedahay saameyn habaysan oo habaysan oo aad u wanagsan, iyo dinotefuran's saamaynta dhaqsaha badan waa faa'iidada muuqata ee alaabtan.Labadu waxay leeyihiin habab hawleed oo kala duwan.Marka si wadajir ah loo isticmaalo, cayayaanku si dhakhso ah ayey u dhintaan saameyntuna waxay socotaa waqti dheer.02Dinotefuran + Spirotetramat
Habkani waa qaacidada nemesis ee aphids, thrips, iyo whiteflies.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, laga bilaabo horumarinta iyo isticmaalka meelo kala duwan iyo jawaab celinta isticmaalaha, saameyntu weli waa mid aad u qanacsan.
03Dinotefuran + Pyriproxyfen
Pyriproxyfen waa ovicide tayo sare leh, halka dinotefuran ay waxtar u leedahay dadka waaweyn oo keliya.Isku darka labadoodu waxay dili karaan dhammaan ukunta.Habkani waa lammaane dahab ah oo dhammaystiran.
04Dinotefuran + Pyrethroid Cayayaanka
Caanahani waxay si weyn u wanaajin kartaa saamaynta cayayaanka.Pyrethroid-ka laftigoodu waa cayayaan-cayayaan ballaaran.Isku darka labadoodu waxay yareyn karaan heerka caabbinta daroogada, waxayna sidoo kale daweyn karaan kuwa lamid ah.Waa qaacido ay si weyn u dalacsiiyeen soosaarayaasha sanadihii ugu dambeeyay.
Xali xal
Dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee dinotefuran waa tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine iyo O-methyl-N-nitroisourea.
Wax soo saarka tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine ayaa inta badan ku urursan Zhejiang, Hubei iyo Jiangsu, iyo awoodda wax soo saarka waa ku filan si ay u daboolaan isticmaalka dinotefuran.
Soo saarista O-methyl-N-nitroisourea waxay inta badan ku urursan tahay Hebei, Hubei iyo Jiangsu.Waa dhexdhexaadinta ugu halista badan ee dinotefuran sababtoo ah habka khatarta ah ee ku lug leh nitrification.
01Dinotefuran waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo cayayaanka cayayaanka ah oo ballaadhan, laga bilaabo sunta cayayaanka ilaa daawooyinka nadaafadda, laga bilaabo cayayaanka yaryar ilaa cayayaanka waaweyn, waxayna leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo xakameyn ah.
02Isku-dhafka wanaagsan, dinotefuran waxaa lagu qasi karaa noocyo kala duwan oo cayayaanka ah iyo fungicides, taas oo ku habboon in la isticmaalo;Qaababka ayaa qani ah, waxaana laga dhigi karaa bacriminta granule, wakiilka dahaarka abuur ee dhaymada abuur, iyo wakiilka hakinta buufinta.
03Bariiska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo kuwa caajiska ah iyo kuwa beeraleyda leh hal daroogo iyo laba dil.Waa wax-ku-ool ah waxayna noqon doontaa fursad suuqeed weyn oo loogu talagalay koritaanka mustaqbalka dinotefuran.
04Caannimada ka hortagga duulista, dinotefuran ayaa si fudud u milmay biyaha, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon isticmaalka ballaaran ee ka hortagga duulista.Caannimada ka hortagga duulista waxay siin doontaa fursad suuq naadir ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta mustaqbalka ee dinotefuran.
05D-enantiomer ee dinotefuran ayaa inta badan bixiya firfircoonida cayayaanka, halka L-enantiomer ay aad ugu suntan tahay shinnida Talyaaniga.Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in horumarka tignoolajiyada nadiifinta, dinotefuran, oo ah mid aad u saaxiibtinimo deegaanka, ay jebin doonto caqabadeeda horumarineed.
06Diojinta dalagyada niche, sida digirta caleenta iyo digirta toonta ay noqdaan kuwo u adkaysta kiimikooyinka caadiga ah, dinotefuran ayaa si fiican u qabtay xakamaynta cayayaanka maggoot, iyo codsiga dinotefuran ee dalagyada niche waxay sidoo kale siin doontaa suuqyo cusub iyo tilmaamo horumarinta dinotefuran.
07Horumarin kharash-ku-ool ah.Caqabadda ugu weyn ee saameeya koritaanka dinotefuran waxay had iyo jeer ahayd qiimaha sare ee daawada asalka ah iyo kharashka codsiga ee qadarka sarreeya ee diyaarinta terminalka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha dinotefuran ayaa hadda jooga heer aad u hooseeya taariikhda.Iyada oo hoos u dhaca qiimaha, saamiga wax-qabadka qiimaha ee dinotefuran ayaa noqday mid aad u caan ah.Waxaan aaminsanahay in hagaajinta saamiga wax-qabadka qiimaha ay bixiso fursado badan oo koritaanka mustaqbalka ee dinotefuran.
Waqtiga boostada: Seb-21-2022