Hadda oo aan ka hadlayno dinotefuran-ka sunta cayayaanka ee jiilka saddexaad ee nicotinic, aan marka hore kala saarno kala soocidda sunta cayayaanka ee nicotinic.
Jiilkii ugu horreeyay ee alaabada nikotiinta: imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. Dhexdhexaadiyaha ugu weyn waa 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine, kaas oo ka tirsan kooxda chloropyridyl.
Badeecadaha nikotiin ee jiilka labaad: thiamethoxam), clothianidin. Dhexdhexaadiyaha ugu weyn waa 2-chloro-5-chloromethylthiazole, kaas oo ka tirsan kooxda chlorothiazolyl.
Jiilka saddexaad ee alaabada nikotiinta: dinotefuran, kooxda tetrahydrofuran waxay beddeshaa kooxda chloro, mana ku jiraan curiyayaasha halogen.
Habka ficilka sunta cayayaanka ee nikotiinku waa in lagu dhaqmo nidaamka gudbinta neerfaha ee cayayaanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo aan caadi ahayn oo kacsan, curyaan ah oo dhimanaya, sidoo kalena leh saameynta dilka taabashada iyo sumowga caloosha. Marka la barbardhigo nikotiinnada dhaqameed, dinotefuran kuma jiraan walxo halogen ah, milmida biyuhuna way ka xoog badan tahay, taasoo la macno ah in dinotefuran si fudud loo nuugo; sunta afka ku jirta ee shinnidana waa 1/4.6 oo keliya tan thiamethoxam, sunta taabashada waa kala bar thiamethoxam.
Laga bilaabo Agoosto 30, 2022, dalkaygu wuxuu leeyahay 25 shahaadooyin diiwaangelin ah oo loogu talagalay alaabada farsamada ee dinotefuran; 164 shahaadooyin diiwaangelin ah oo loogu talagalay hal qiyaasood iyo 111 shahaadooyin diiwaangelin ah oo loogu talagalay isku-darka, oo ay ku jiraan 51 sunta cayayaanka disha.
Qaababka qiyaasta ee la diiwaan geliyay waxaa ka mid ah granules milmi kara, wakiilada suuxinta, granules-ka biyaha lagu kala firdhi karo, wakiilada dahaarka abuurka ee la hakiyay, granules, iwm., qiyaasta hal mar ahina waa 0.025%-70%.
Waxyaabaha isku dhafan waxaa ka mid ah pymetrozine, spirotetramat, pyridaben, bifenthrin, iwm.
01 Dinotefuran + Pymetrazin
Pymetrozin waxay leedahay saameyn aad u wanaagsan oo ku saabsan gudbinta habdhiska, saameynta degdegga ah ee dinotefuran-na waa faa'iidada muuqata ee badeecadan. Labadooduba waxay leeyihiin habab kala duwan oo ficil ah. Marka la wada isticmaalo, cayayaanka si dhakhso ah ayay u dhintaan saameyntuna waxay socotaa muddo dheer.02Dinotefuran + Spirotetramat
Qaaciddadani waa qaacidada neemesis ee aphids, thrips, iyo whiteflies. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, laga bilaabo kor u qaadista iyo isticmaalka meelo kala duwan iyo jawaab celinta isticmaalaha, saameyntu wali waa mid aad u qancisa.
03Dinotefuran + Pyriproxyfen
Pyriproxyfen waa daawo waxtar sare leh, halka dinotefuran uu waxtar u leeyahay dadka waaweyn oo keliya. Isku darka labadooduba wuxuu dili karaa dhammaan ukumaha. Qaaciddadani waa lamaane dahab ah oo dhammaystiran.
04Cayayaanka Dinotefuran + Pyrethroid
Qaaciddadani waxay si weyn u wanaajin kartaa saamaynta cayayaanka lagu dilo. Cayayaanka pyrethroid-ka laftoodu waa cayayaan dileyaal ballaaran. Isku darka labaduba wuxuu yareyn karaa heerka iska caabbinta daawada, wuxuuna sidoo kale daaweyn karaa cayayaanka boodada. Waa qaacido ay si weyn u dhiirrigeliyeen soosaarayaashu sannadihii ugu dambeeyay.
Xal u hel xallinta
Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo yaqaan 'dinotefuran' waa tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine iyo O-methyl-N-nitroisourea.
Soo saarista tetrahydrofuran-3-methylamine waxay inta badan ku badan tahay Zhejiang, Hubei iyo Jiangsu, awoodda wax soo saarkuna waxay ku filan tahay inay buuxiso isticmaalka dinotefuran.
Soo saarista O-methyl-N-nitroisourea waxay inta badan ku badan tahay Hebei, Hubei iyo Jiangsu. Waa dhexdhexaadka ugu muhiimsan ee dinotefuran sababtoo ah habka khatarta ah ee ku lug leh nitrification.
01Dinotefuran wuxuu leeyahay noocyo badan oo cayayaanka lagu dilo iyo isticmaalkooda, laga bilaabo sunta cayayaanka ilaa daawooyinka nadaafadda leh, laga bilaabo cayayaanka yaryar ilaa cayayaanka waaweyn, wuxuuna leeyahay saameyn xakameyn oo wanaagsan.
02Isku-darka wanaagsan, dinotefuran waxaa lagu qasi karaa noocyo kala duwan oo sunta cayayaanka iyo fungicides ah, taas oo ku habboon in la isticmaalo; qaacidooyinka waa kuwo hodan ah, waxaana laga samayn karaa bacrimin granule ah, wakiilka dahaarka abuurka ee loogu talagalay dhaymada abuurka, iyo wakiilka joojinta ee lagu buufiyo.
03Bariiska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo ceelasha iyo dhirta laga sameeyo hal daroogo iyo laba dil. Waa mid kharash-ool ah waxayna noqon doontaa fursad suuqeed oo weyn oo loogu talagalay kobaca mustaqbalka ee dinotefuran.
04Caannimada ka hortagga duulista, dinotefuran si fudud ayaa loogu milmi karaa biyaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon isticmaalka ballaaran ee ka hortagga duulista. Caanaynta ka hortagga duulista waxay siin doontaa fursad suuq oo naadir ah oo mustaqbalka horumarinta dinotefuran.
05D-enantiomer ee dinotefuran wuxuu inta badan bixiyaa firfircooni lagu dilo cayayaanka, halka L-enantiomer uu aad u sun u yahay shinnida malabka Talyaaniga. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in iyadoo la horumarinayo tignoolajiyada nadiifinta, dinotefuran, oo deegaanka u fiican, ay ka gudbi doonto caqabadda horumarinta.
06Iyadoo diiradda la saarayo dalagyada gaarka ah, maadaama dixiriga leek iyo dixiriga toonta ay noqdaan kuwo u adkaysta kiimikooyinka caadiga ah, dinotefuran waxay si fiican uga shaqeysay xakamaynta cayayaanka dixiriga, iyo isticmaalka dinotefuran ee dalagyada gaarka ah ayaa sidoo kale bixin doona suuqyo cusub iyo tilmaamo loogu talagalay horumarinta dinotefuran.
07Horumarka kharash-ool ah. Caqabadda ugu weyn ee saameysa kobaca dinotefuran had iyo jeer waxay ahayd qiimaha sare ee daawada asalka ah iyo kharashka isticmaalka ee diyaarinta terminal-ka oo sarreeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha dinotefuran hadda wuxuu ku jiraa heer aad u hooseeya taariikhda. Iyadoo hoos u dhaca qiimaha, saamiga qiimaha-waxqabadka dinotefuran ayaa sii kordhaya. Waxaan aaminsanahay in horumarinta saamiga qiimaha-waxqabadka ay bixiso fursado badan oo loogu talagalay kobaca mustaqbalka ee dinotefuran.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-21-2022