Kahor inta aan la beerin geedaha cambe, dhulka waa in la diyaariyaa oo la mariyaa bacrimin saldhig ah.Laga bilaabo marxaladda abuurka ama ka dib marka geedo yaryar ay noolaadaan, waa in la sameeyaa qaabeyn iyo jaris habboon si loo hubiyo in laamaha si siman loo qaybiyo.Geedku wuxuu leeyahay iftiin wanaagsan, kaas oo faa'iido u leh koritaanka nafaqada iyo midho-dhalka labadaba, wuxuuna sameeyaa qaab geed oo hore u soo baxaya, wax-soo-saar sare iyo wax-soo-saar deggan. Haddii kale, waxay u badan tahay inay keento meel aan geedku si fiican u geli karin, cudurro iyo cayayaan daran, iyo qiimo ganacsi oo hooseeya ka dib miro-dhalka.
I. Hababka jarista iyo qaabaynta
1. Habka qaabaynta dusha sare ee dabiiciga ah. Ka dib marka geedka la beero, marka uu gaaro dherer dhan 60-70 sentimitir, jar qaybta sare si aad u samaysato jirridda ugu weyn. Laanta hore ee dhinaca ah waa inay 30-40 sentimitir u jirtaa jirridda ugu weyn, laanta labaad ee dhinaca ahna waa inay 25-35 sentimitir u jirtaa laanta ugu weyn. Ku celi habkan si aad u samaysato taaj geed oo dusha sare ah.
2. Waa hab qaabayn ah oo loo sameeyo jirridda dhexe. Marka geedku gaaro dherer dhan 60-70 sentimitir, jirridda ugu weyn waa la gooyaa oo la hagaajiyaa. Waxaa jira 3 laamood oo waaweyn oo ku jira lakabka koowaad, 3-4 laamood oo waaweynna waxaa lagu hayaa lakabka labaad, oo u dhexeeya qiyaastii 20 sentimitir laanta labaad ee ugu weyn. Geedkani wuxuu leeyahay jirrid dhexe oo gaar ah oo toosan oo kor u taagan. Taajka geedku wuxuu sameeyaa laba lakab oo caleemo ah, mid ka yar xagga sare iyo mid ka weyn xagga hoose.
3. Habka qaabaynta ee qaab-dhismeedka taageere dabiici ah. Habkani wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la jaro cidhifyada dhirta marka ay gaaraan dherer dhan 50 ilaa 90 sentimitir, si loo dhiirrigeliyo laanta iyo in la hayo 3 laamood oo waaweyn. Lakabka labaad ee laamaha ugu muhiimsan wuxuu sameeyaa qaab isgoys ah oo leh lakabka koowaad ee laamaha ugu muhiimsan, jihadana waxaa lagu dhejiyaa kan lakabka koowaad. Habkani wuxuu ku habboon yahay beerista cufan, beerista cufan, iyo beerista xooggan, taas oo ku habboon hawo-qaadista iyo gelinta iftiinka ee safka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farsamooyinka qaabaynta iyo jarista waxay u baahan yihiin xirfado sare waxayna u baahan yihiin shaqo badan.
II. Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Maareynta Caanaha ee Waxsoosaarka Sare leh
1. Maareynta Bacriminta. Marka laga soo tago jarista iyo qaabaynta kor ku xusan, bacriminta dabiiciga ah iyo bacriminta isku-dhafka ah ee tayada sare leh ayaa loo dooran karaa bacrimin ahaan. Inta lagu jiro xilliga kala-soocidda ubaxa ee geedaha mango ee bislaaday (hal bil ka hor ubaxa, tusaale ahaan, Sebtembar-Oktoobar), waa in la mariyo bacrimin soo-saar ubaxeed, oo inta badan ka kooban nitrogen (urea) iyo potassium (potassium nitrate); Abriil-Maajo, inta lagu jiro muddada ballaarinta miraha, waa in la mariyo bacrimin kor u qaada miro; ka dib goosashada miraha, bacrimin dabiici ah waa in loo isticmaalaa bacriminta ugu weyn.
2. Habee wax soo saar badan. Xilliga ubaxa gu'ga ee cambaha, haddii cimilo roobaad iyo qabow ay dhacdo, kooxaha ubaxa ee hore u ubaxa ayaa gacanta laga saari karaa, waxaana lagu buufin karaa 500 milligram halkii litir oo paclobutrazol ah si loo dib u dhigo xilliga ubaxa. Haddii xaaladaha cimiladu wanaagsan yihiin, ethylene waa la buufin karaa si loo dhiirrigeliyo ubaxa geedaha loona joojiyo koritaanka laamaha nafaqada xad dhaafka ah leh.Gacanta ka saar kooxaha ubaxa ee aadka u cufan si loo hubiyo inay midho isku mid ah u koraan.
3. Cayayaanka iyo xakamaynta cudurrada. Cudurrada caadiga ah ee canbaha waxaa ka mid ah anthracnose, caariyaysi budada ah, iyo gummosis. Daawada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ka hortagga ama xakamaynta ka hor ama marxaladda hore ee cudurka. Cudurka anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP oo leh xoog dhan 400-600 jeer, ama 70% thiophanate-methyl WP oo leh 1000-1500 jeer, ama 50% benomyl WP oo leh 800-1000 jeer, ama 25% mancozeb EC oo leh 2000-3000 jeer ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta. Caariyaysi budada ah, 20% triadimefon EC oo leh 800 jeer ama 15% triadimefon WP oo leh 500 jeer ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta gummosis-ka, qaybta cudurka qabtana waxaa lagu jari karaa mindi, waxaana la marin karaa filim bogsiin nabar iyo ka hortagga daxalka si loo xiro nabarka. Si joogto ah u mari filim cusub oo dufan badan leh oo ku buufi 70% thiophanate-methyl WP oo ah isku-darka 800 jeer.
Habee wax soo saar badan. Xilliga ubaxa gu'ga ee cambaha, haddii cimilo roobaad iyo qabow dhacdo, kooxaha ubaxa ee hore u ubaxa ayaa gacanta laga saari karaa, waxaana lagu buufin karaa 500 milligram halkii litir oo paclobutrazol ah si loo dib u dhigo xilliga ubaxa. Haddii xaaladaha cimiladu wanaagsan yihiin, ethylene waa la buufin karaa si kor loogu qaado ubaxa geedaha loona joojiyo koritaanka laamaha nafaqo darrada badan. Gacanta ka saar kooxaha ubaxa ee aadka u cufan si loo hubiyo koritaanka midho isku mid ah.
Cayayaanka iyo xakamaynta cudurrada. Cudurrada caadiga ah ee canbaha waxaa ka mid ah anthracnose, caariyaysi budada ah, iyo gummosis. Daawada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ka hortagga ama xakamaynta ka hor ama marxaladda hore ee cudurka. Cudurka anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP oo leh xoog dhan 400-600 jeer, ama 70% thiophanate-methyl WP oo leh 1000-1500 jeer, ama 50% benomyl WP oo leh 800-1000 jeer, ama 25% mancozeb EC oo leh 2000-3000 jeer ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta. Caariyaysi budada ah, 20% triadimefon EC oo leh 800 jeer ama 15% triadimefon WP oo leh 500 jeer ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta gummosis-ka, qaybta cudurka qabtana waxaa lagu jari karaa mindi, waxaana lagu mari karaa filim bogsiin nabar iyo ka hortagga daxalka si loo xiro nabarka. Si joogto ah u mari filim cusub oo dufan badan leh oo ku buufi 70% thiophanate-methyl WP oo ah isku-darka 800 jeer.
Cayayaanka ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah aboor habeenkii ah, caleen af fidsan, qoryo qoryo leh, iyo duqsiyo yaryar oo miro ah. Marka laga soo tago isticmaalka hababka xakamaynta beeraha iyo bayoolojiga, marka caleemaha jilicsan ama kooxaha ubaxu ay soo baxaan 1 ilaa 3 sentimitir, xalka kiristaalka carbaryl ee 90% oo ah 1000-laab ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta. Buufi hal mar 7 ilaa 10 maalmood kasta, oo ku celi habkan 2 ilaa 3 jeer. Qoryaha qoryo leh, 30% karboorka carbyl ee emulsifiable oo ah 80 ilaa 100 jeer xoogga ayaa lagu duri karaa godadka, ka dibna xidh meelaha daloolka laga galo. Duqsiyada yaryar ee miro, methyl eugenol waxaa loo isticmaali karaa qabashada iyo dilka. Gaar ahaan, qaybo yaryar oo afar geesood ah oo ah loox dhuuban oo sonkor ah oo lagu qooyay methyl eugenol iyo 3% xalka malathion ayaa lagu dhejiyaa geedaha si loo xiro.
Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-27-2026
