Warbixinnada intooda badani waxay khuseeyaan saddexda cayayaan ee Lepidoptera ugu muhiimsan, taas oo ah,Chilo suppressalis,Scirpophaga incertulasiyoCnaphalocrocis medinalis(dhammaan Crambidae), kuwaas oo ah bartilmaameedyadaBtbariis, iyo labada cayayaan ee Hemiptera ugu muhiimsan, taas oo ah,Sogatella furciferaiyoNilaparvata lugens(Labada Delphacidae).
Sida laga soo xigtay suugaanta, ugaarsiga ugu weyn ee cayayaanka bariiska lepidopteran waxay ka tirsan yihiin toban qoys oo Araneae ah, waxaana jira noocyo kale oo ugaadhsi ah oo ka socda Coleoptera, Hemiptera, iyo Neuroptera.Dulinnada cayayaanka bariiska lepidopteran waxay inta badan ka soo jeedaan lix qoys oo Hymenoptera ah oo leh noocyo yar oo ka socda laba qoys oo Diptera ah (ie, Tachinidae iyo Sarcophagidae).Marka lagu daro saddexda nooc ee cayayaanka lepidopteran ee waaweyn, LepidopteraNaranga aenescens(Noctuidae),Parnara guttata(Hesperidae),Mycalesis gotama(Nymphalidae), iyoPseudaletia separata(Noctuidae) ayaa sidoo kale loo diiwaan geliyay sidii cayayaanka bariiska.Sababtoo ah ma keenaan khasaare bariis ah oo la taaban karo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, marar dhif ah ayaa la baaraa, iyo macluumaad yar oo la heli karo oo ku saabsan cadawgooda dabiiciga ah.
Cadawga dabiiciga ah ee labada cayayaan hemipteran ee waaweyn,S. furciferaiyoN. lugens, si weyn ayaa loo dersay.Inta badan noocyada ugaadhsiga ah ee lagu soo warramey inay weeraraan herbivores hemipteran waa isku nooc oo weerara herbivores lepidopteran, sababtoo ah waxay inta badan yihiin kuwa guud.Dulinnada cayayaanka hemipteran ee ka tirsan Delphacidae waxay inta badan ka yimaadaan qoysaska hymenopteran Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, iyo Dryinidae.Sidoo kale, parasitoids-ka hymenopteran ayaa caan ku ah cayayaanka dhirtaNezara viridula(Pentatomidae).thrips TheStenchaetothrips biformis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) sidoo kale waa cayayaan bariiska caadiga ah ee Koonfurta Shiinaha, iyo ugaarsashadeeda inta badan waxay ka yimaadaan Coleoptera iyo Hemiptera, halka aan parasitoid aan la diiwaan gelin.Noocyada Orthopteran sidaOxya chinensis(Acrididae) ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan laga helaa beeraha bariiska, iyo ugaarsashadooda inta badan waxaa ka mid ah noocyada ka tirsan Araneae, Coleoptera, iyo Mantodea.Oulema oryzae(Chrysomelidae), Cayayaanka Coleoptera ee muhiimka ah ee Shiinaha, waxaa soo weeraray ugaadhsadayaasha coleopteran iyo parasitoids hymenopteran.Cadawga ugu waaweyn ee dabiiciga ah ee cayayaanka dipteran-ka waa dulinnada hymenopteran.
Si loo qiimeeyo heerka ay arthropods-ku la kulmaan borotiinnada CryBtbeeraha bariiska, tijaabo beer la isku celceliyay ayaa lagu sameeyay meel u dhow Xiaogan (Gobolka Hubei, Shiinaha) sanadihii 2011 iyo 2012.
Xaddiga Cry2A ee laga helay unugyo bariiska ah oo la ururiyey 2011 iyo 2012 ayaa la mid ah.Caleenta bariiska waxay ka koobnayd tirada ugu badan ee Cry2A (laga bilaabo 54 ilaa 115 μg/g DW), oo ay ku xigto manka bariiska (laga bilaabo 33 ilaa 46 μg/g DW).Jirridu waxay ka koobnayd uruurinta ugu hooseysa (laga bilaabo 22 ilaa 32 μg/g DW).
Farsamooyinka muunad ee kala duwan (ay ku jiraan muunada nuugista, xaashida garaaca iyo baadhista muuqaalka) ayaa la isticmaalay si loo ururiyo 29 ka nooc ee arthropod-ka ee inta badan la kulmo dhirtaBtoo la xakameeyo goobaha bariiska inta lagu jiro iyo kadib suuxinta sanadka 2011 iyo kahor, inta lagu guda jiro iyo kadib suuxinta sanadka 2012. Heerarka ugu sareeya ee la cabiray ee Cry2A ee arthropods-ka la soo aruuriyay ee mid ka mid ah taariikhaha muunada ayaa la tilmaamay.
Wadar dhan 13 herbivores oo aan bartilmaameed ahayn oo ka kala socda 11 qoys oo ka tirsan Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, iyo Thysanoptera ayaa la ururiyay lana falanqeeyay.Sida ay u kala horreeyaan dadka waaweyn ee Hemiptera eeS. furciferaiyo nymphs iyo dadka waaweyn eeN. lugenska kooban raadadka Cry2A (<0.06 μg/g DW) halka borotiinka aan laga helin noocyada kale.Taas bedelkeeda, xaddi badan oo Cry2A ah (laga bilaabo 0.15 ilaa 50.7 μg/g DW) ayaa laga helay dhammaan marka laga reebo hal muunad oo ah Diptera, Thysanoptera, iyo Orthoptera.thrips TheS. biformiswaxaa ku jira uruurinta ugu sarreysa ee Cry2A ee dhammaan arthropods-ka la ururiyay, kuwaas oo ku dhow fiirsashada unugyada bariiska.Inta lagu jiro suuxinta,S. biformiska kooban Cry2A at 51 μg/g DW, taas oo ka sarraysa fiirsashada shaybaarrada la ururiyey ka hor suuxinta (35 μg/g DW).Sidoo kale, heerka borotiinka gudahaAgromyzasp.(Diptera: Agromyzidae) ayaa>2 jeer ka sarreeyey shaybaarrada la ururiyey xilliga suuxinta bariiska marka loo eego ka hor ama ka dib suuxdinta.Taas bedelkeeda, heerka inEuconocephalus thunbergii(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) ayaa ku dhawaad 2.5 jeer ka sarreeyey muunado la ururiyey suuxinta ka dib marka loo eego xilliga suuxinta.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-06-2021