Warbixinnada badankood waxay khuseeyaan saddexda cayayaan ee ugu muhiimsan Lepidoptera, taas oo ah,Chilo suppressapasis,Cilladda 'Scirpophaga incertulas', iyoCnaphalocrocis medinalis(dhammaan Crambidae), kuwaas oo ah bartilmaameedyadaBtbariiska, iyo labada cayayaan ee ugu muhiimsan Hemiptera, taas oo ah,Sogatella furciferaiyoLaga soo bilaabo lugens(labadaba Delphacidae).
Sida laga soo xigtay suugaanta, ugaarsatada ugu waaweyn ee cayayaanka bariiska lepidopteran waxay ka tirsan yihiin toban qoys oo Araneae ah, waxaana jira noocyo kale oo ugaarsi ah oo ka yimid Coleoptera, Hemiptera, iyo Neuroptera. Dulinnada cayayaanka bariiska lepidoptera waxay inta badan ka yimaadeen lix qoys oo Hymenoptera ah oo leh dhowr nooc oo ka yimid laba qoys oo Diptera ah (tusaale ahaan, Tachinidae iyo Sarcophagidae). Marka laga soo tago saddexda nooc ee cayayaanka lepidopteran ee ugu waaweyn, Lepidoptera.Naranga aenescens(Noctuidae),Parnara guttata(Hesperiidae),Mycalesis gotama(Nymphalidae), iyoKala-goynta Pseudaletia(Noctuidae) sidoo kale waxaa loo diiwaan geliyay inay yihiin cayayaan bariis ah. Maadaama aysan sababin khasaaro weyn oo bariis ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si dhif ah ayaa loo baaraa, macluumaad yarna lagama heli karo cadawgooda dabiiciga ah.
Cadawga dabiiciga ah ee labada cayayaan ee ugu waaweyn ee hemipteran,S. furiferaiyoN. Lugens, si ballaaran ayaa loo darsay. Inta badan noocyada ugaarsiga ee la sheegay inay weeraraan geedaha hemipteran waa isla noocyada weerara geedaha lepidopteran, sababtoo ah inta badan waa kuwa guud ahaan la socda. Dulinnada cayayaanka hemipteran ee ka tirsan Delphacidae waxay inta badan ka yimaadaan qoysaska hymenopteran Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, iyo Dryinidae. Sidoo kale, dulinnada hymenopteran waxaa loo yaqaanaa cayayaanka dhirta.Nezara viridula(Pentatomidae). Thrips-kaStenchaetothrips biformis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) sidoo kale waa cayayaan bariis ah oo caadi ka ah Koonfurta Shiinaha, ugaarsatadeeduna waxay inta badan ka yimaadaan Coleoptera iyo Hemiptera, halka aan la diiwaan gelin wax dulin ah. Noocyada Orthopteran sidaOxy chinensis(Acrididae) sidoo kale waxaa si caadi ah looga helaa beeraha bariiska, ugaarsatadooduna waxay inta badan ka mid yihiin noocyada Araneae, Coleoptera, iyo Mantodea.Oulema oryzae(Chrysomelidae), oo ah cayayaan muhiim u ah Coleoptera ee Shiinaha, waxaa weerara ugaarsadayaasha coleopteran iyo dulinleyda hymenopteran. Cadawga dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn ee cayayaanka dipteran waa dulinleyda hymenopteran.
Si loo qiimeeyo heerka ay arthropods-ku u soo gaaraan borotiinnada Cry ee ku jiraBtbeero bariis ah, tijaabo beero oo la mid ah ayaa laga sameeyay meel u dhow Xiaogan (Gobolka Hubei, Shiinaha) sanadihii 2011 iyo 2012.
Fiirsashada Cry2A ee laga helay unugyada bariiska ee la ururiyay 2011 iyo 2012 waxay ahaayeen kuwo isku mid ah. Caleemaha bariiska waxay ka koobnaayeen fiirsashada ugu sarreysa ee Cry2A (laga bilaabo 54 ilaa 115 μg/g DW), waxaana ku xigay manka bariiska (laga bilaabo 33 ilaa 46 μg/g DW). Jirriddu waxay ka koobnayd fiirsashada ugu hooseysa (laga bilaabo 22 ilaa 32 μg/g DW).
Farsamooyin kala duwan oo muunad qaadis ah (oo ay ku jiraan muunad nuugid, xaashi garaacis iyo raadinta muuqaalka) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu ururiyo 29-ka nooc ee arthropod ee ugu badan ee lagu arko dhirta ku nool.Btiyo xakamaynta goobaha bariiska inta lagu jiro iyo ka dib anthesis sanadkii 2011 iyo ka hor, inta lagu jiro iyo ka dib anthesis sanadkii 2012. Tirada ugu badan ee la cabbiray ee Cry2A ee arthropods-ka la ururiyay mid ka mid ah taariikhaha muunadda ayaa la tilmaamay.
Wadarta 13 dhir-daaqsimeed oo aan bartilmaameedsanayn oo ka kala socda 11 qoys oo ka tirsan Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, iyo Thysonoptera ayaa la soo ururiyay oo la falanqeeyay. Sida ay u kala horreeyaan dadka waaweyn ee HemipteraS. furiferaiyo nymphs iyo dadka waaweyn eeN. LugensWaxaa ku jiray xaddi raad ah oo Cry2A ah (<0.06 μg/g DW) halka borotiinka aan laga helin noocyada kale. Taas bedelkeeda, xaddi badan oo Cry2A ah (laga bilaabo 0.15 ilaa 50.7 μg/g DW) ayaa laga helay dhammaan muunad ka mid ah Diptera, Thysanoptera, iyo Orthoptera marka laga reebo.S. biformiswaxaa ku jiray fiirsashada ugu badan ee Cry2A ee dhammaan arthropods-ka la ururiyey, kuwaas oo ku dhowaa fiirsashada unugyada bariiska. Inta lagu jiro anthesis,S. biformisWaxaa ku jiray Cry2A 51 μg/g DW, kaas oo ka sarreeyay xaddiga muunadaha la ururiyay ka hor anthesis (35 μg/g DW). Sidoo kale, heerka borotiinka ee ku jiraBeeraha beerahasp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) wuxuu ka badnaa 2 jeer muunado laga soo ururiyey inta lagu jiro anthesis-ka bariiska marka loo eego ka hor ama ka dib anthesis-ka. Taas bedelkeeda, heerka ku jiraEuconocephalus thunbergii(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) waxay ku dhawaad 2.5 jeer ka sarreysay muunado la soo ururiyay ka dib anthesis marka loo eego inta lagu jiray anthesis.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-06-2021