1. Brassinosteroids waxay si weyn ugu jiraan boqortooyada dhirta
Inta lagu jiro koorsada horumarka, dhirtu waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u sameysaa shabakado xakameynaya hormoonnada endogenous si ay uga jawaabto walaacyada deegaanka ee kala duwan.Waxaa ka mid ah, brassinoids waa nooc ka mid ah phytosterols kuwaas oo leh shaqada kor u qaadista dhererka unugyada.Waxay caadi ahaan laga helaa dhammaan boqortooyada dhirta laga bilaabo hoose ilaa dhirta sare, iyo daraasiin brassinoids analogs ayaa la helay.
2. Naxaasyada dabiiciga ah ayaa ah "furaha" ugu fiican si loo furo dariiqa brassinoids endogenous.
Brassinoids dabiiciga ah waxay inta badan ku jiraan ubaxyada iyo abuurka, nidaaminta horumarinta taranka, korriinka abuurka, kor u qaadista dhererka stem iyo qaab-dhismeedka xididka, iyo sidoo kale door wanaagsan ka ciyaara caabbinta dhirta ee cadaadiska [3, 5].Brassinoids-kii ugu horreeyay ee qaab dhismeedkooda la aqoonsaday wuxuu ahaa brassinolide BL (Jaantuska 1-1).Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nuxurka dabiiciga ahi aad buu u hooseeyaa, soo saarista warshadaha lama xaqiijin karo.Tani waxay keentay in taxane ah oo beddelaad ah synthetic.Dhirtu waxay gartaan dareenka hoormoonka iyo ka jawaab celinta mabda'a "qufulka iyo furaha", iyo naxaasyada dabiiciga ah ayaa ah "furaha" ugu fiican ee albaabka u furaya jawaabta brassinoids.Waxay leeyihiin xidhiidh adag oo ay la leeyihiin reseptors waxayna aad uga waxtar badan yihiin noocyada kala duwan ee brassinolides.Codsiga dibadda ee brassinoids ee dabiiciga ah si dhakhso ah ayaa loo dareemi karaa oo loo nuugi karaa dhirta, si wax ku ool ah u kabida isku-dhafka aan ku filnayn ee brassinoids endogenous oo ay sababaan arrimo kala duwan, u oggolaanaya unugyada inay si dhakhso ah uga jawaabaan, waxqabad sare, diidmo la'aan, iyo badbaado sare.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Jaantuska 2), sida analoogga brassinosteroid cusub ee manka kufsiga, ayaa laga soo saari karaa oo lagu sifeyn karaa qaybo iyadoo la isticmaalayo dareerayaasha deegaanka u saaxiibka ah.Waa brassinosteroid-kii ugu horreeyay ee dabiiciga ah si loo xaqiijiyo warshadaynta soo saarista cagaaran..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid waxaa loo kala saaraa wax yar oo sun ah ama sun yar marka loo eego soocidda sunta sunta cayayaanka ee Shiinaha.Qiimaynta sunta deegaanka ayaa ah mid sun yar oo si fudud loo baabi'in karo, iyo qiimaynta khatarta caafimaad ee deegaanka ayaa hoosaysa (RQ<1).Waxay waxyeelo ku tahay dadka iyo dadka.Deegaanka iyo badqabka noolaha, waa sheyga kabka ah ee dhirta ku salaysan ee dalka ka jira ee helay shahaadada qaranka "wax soo saarka cuntada cagaaran" iyo shahaado galinta organic ee Maraykanka.
3. Dhaqanka codsigu wuxuu caddaynayaa in naxaasyada dabiiciga ah ay kor u qaadi karaan wax-soo-saarka sare iyo kordhinta dakhliga
(1) Kor u qaad kala soocida bud- ubaxyada iyo ilaalinta ubaxa iyo miraha
Wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada geedaha miraha waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan horumarinta xubnaha ubaxa.Ku buufinta naxaasyada dabiiciga ah inta lagu jiro marxaladda kala duwanaanshaha ubaxa ubaxa iyo marxaladda miraha da'da yar, ama ku darida xaddi gaar ah oo ka mid ah brassinoids dabiiciga ah inta lagu jiro pollination-ka macmalka ah waxay si weyn u kordhin kartaa tirada iyo tayada ubaxyada geed miro waxayna yareeyaan ubaxyada qallafsan.Waxay wanaajin kartaa waxtarka pollination-ka, kordhinta heerka dejinta miraha, waxayna yareyn kartaa dhibicda ubaxa iyo miraha, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalay beerista iyo soosaarka inta badan geedaha miraha sida kiwi, liinta, tufaaxa, iyo jujube.
Kiwifruit waa geed canab ah oo dioecious ah.Ku dhaqanka wax-soo-saarka, pollination-ka macmalka ah waa in la isticmaalaa si loo kordhiyo manka iyo heerarka dejinta midhaha.Marka in ka badan 2/3 geedka oo dhan uu ubaxo, isticmaal budada brassinoids ee dabiiciga ah oo lagu qaso manka marka loo eego 1/50 ee pollination point artificial ama brassinoids dabiiciga ah xal aqueous ah ayaa lagu qasi jiray 2500 jeer si loogu buufiyo pollination, taas oo si weyn u kordhin karta goobta miraha. heerka kiwifruit iyo kor u content vitamin C iyo walxaha raad ee midhaha si weyn u wanaajisaa kaydinta iyo hantida gaadiidka iyo qiimaha nafaqada ee midhaha kiwi.(Jaantuska 3-4)[6].Inta lagu jiro marxaladda midhaha yar yar ee kiwifruit, wakiilka isku dhafan ee brassinoids dabiiciga ah, gibberellin, iyo auxin ayaa mar kale lagu buufin karaa, taas oo si weyn kor ugu qaadi karta fidinta degdega ah iyo koritaanka miraha yaryar, taasoo keentay qaabka miro caato ah iyo 20% -30% korodhka ee miisaanka miraha hal.
Dhibicda miraha physiological ee dabiiciga ah ee liinta waa halis, iyo heerka dejinta miraha inta badan waa 2%-3% kaliya.Si loo hagaajiyo tayada ubaxa oo loo kordhiyo heerka dejinta miraha, dhibicda miraha dabiiciga ah ayaa la isticmaalaa ubax ka hor, 2/3 ubaxyada ayaa libdhay, iyo 5 ilaa 7 maalmood ka hor dhibicda labaad ee miraha jireed.Ku buufinta brassinoids + gibberellic acid waxay kordhin kartaa heerka dejinta miraha liinta 20% (Guangxi Sonkor Orange).Miraha yar yar iyo midhaha afkoda ayaa cagaar noqda saddex maalmood ka hor, iyo heerka miraha qalloocan waa hooseeyaa.
(2) Beddel midabka, kordhi sonkorta, oo wanaaji tayada miraha
Dhadhanka carruurnimada ee miraha waxay ka dhigan tahay saamiga sare ee sonkorta-ashitada ee marxaladda qaan-gaarka ah iyo hodannimada fitamiinada iyo walxaha raadraaca.Marxaladda hore ee isbeddelka midabka miraha, isticmaalka joogtada ah ee brassinoids dabiiciga ah + bacriminta foliar-potassium-ka sarreeya ee lagu buufiyo 2-3 jeer geedka oo dhan waxay dardargelin kartaa nuugista nafaqada iyo isbeddelka, kor u qaadida photosynthesis, kor u qaadida ururinta sonkorta, iyo kor u qaadida acids organic sida citric acid iyo malic acid.Hoos-u-dhac ku-meel-gaadhka ah waxa loo beddelaa fiitamiinno, flavonoids iyo nafaqooyin kale, taas oo kordhinaysa saamiga sonkorta-asiidhka iyo ururinta walxaha dhadhanka.Waxa kale oo ay leedahay saamaynta kor u qaadida diirka jilicsan iyo hagaajinta qaabka miraha.
(3) Qooynta iyo dhaymada iniinaha dalagyada beerta si kor loogu qaado caabbinta iyo kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka iyo dakhliga kordhay.
Tayada iyo wax-soosaarka dalagyada cunnada waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan xaaladaha deegaanka.Brassinoids-ka dabiiciga ah waxay leeyihiin saameyn la taaban karo oo ku saabsan iska caabinta walaacyada sida heerkulka sare, abaarta, dhaawaca barafoobay, iyo milixda inta lagu jiro dhammaan xilliga koritaanka dalagga cuntada.First of all, abuurka dhaymada, dahaarka iyo daawaynta kale ka hor beerashada waxay hagaajin kartaa isku mid ah soo bixitaanka dalagga iyo xoojinta geedo (Jaantus 9).Marka labaad, buufinta naxaasyada dabiiciga ah 1-2 jeer inta lagu jiro xilliyada horumarinta dalagga ee muhiimka ah sida jebinta, ubaxa, iyo buuxinta hadhuudhka waxay iska caabin kartaa walaacyada kala duwan ee dhibaatooyinka waxayna kordhisaa wax soo saarka dalagga cuntada.Brassinoids-ka dabiiciga ah ayaa lagu dalacsiiyay dalka oo dhan si loo xakameeyo korriinka sarreenka iyo kordhinta wax soo saarka, oo ku lug leh 11 goobood oo tijaabo ah oo ku yaal meelaha ugu waaweyn ee laga soo saaro sarreenka sida Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, iyo Jiangsu, iyadoo celcelis ahaan wax soo saarku kordhay 13.28%, kuwaas oo Wax-soo-saarka Shanxi ayaa kordhay 22.36%.
(4) Kobcinta nuugista nafaqada iyo kor u qaadida wax soo saarka khudradda
Isticmaal 0.0075% xal aqueous brassinosteroid dabiiciga ah qasi 2500 jeer oo lagu buufiyo caleemaha sare ee khudaarta 1-2 jeer si kor loogu qaado waxtarka nuugista dalagga iyo ka faa'iidaysiga ee nafaqooyinka, kor u photosynthesis, iyo kor u qaadida wax soo saarka khudradda.Natiijooyinka baaritaanka gudaha ayaa muujiyay in 6 maalmood kadib buufinta caleenta, aagga caleenta ee pakchoi ee kooxda daaweynta brassinosteroid ee dabiiciga ah ayaa kordhay 20% marka la barbar dhigo xakamaynta biyaha cad.
(5) Wax ku ool u leh ka hortagga qabowga iyo qaboojinta
"qabowga gu'ga dambe" waa cadaadis xun gu'ga oo caadi ah, kaas oo si toos ah u saameeya wax-soo-saarka dalagga.Ku buufin 8-15ml oo ah brassinoids dabiiciga ah + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition 2-4 maalmood ka hor, 3 maalmood ka dib, iyo 10-15 maalmood ka dib dhaawac qabow ama dhaawac qaboojin si kor loogu qaado iska caabinta dalagyada ilaa dhaawac qabow ama qabow. .Dalagyada la qaboojiyey ayaa si dhakhso ah u bilaaba koritaanka.Qabowga xilliga gu'ga wuxuu dhaawici doonaa in ka badan 60% ee calyceska cherry.Brassinoids-ka dabiiciga ah + daawaynta bacriminta foliar potassium ee sare waxay si weyn u dhimi kartaa heerka waxyeelada 40% waxayna hubisaa manka caadiga ah.
Xaaladaha qaboojinta, nidaamka photosynthesis ee dalagyada ayaa waxyeeloobay iyo photosynthesis si caadi ah looma dhammaystiri karo, taas oo si weyn u saameynaysa koritaanka dalagga.2-3 maalmood ka hor inta geedo yaanyo ah ay la ildaran yihiin walaaca qaboojinta, ku buufi geedka oo dhan 2000-laab qasitaan oo ah brassinosterol dabiiciga ah + amino acid foliar nutrition si loo dhaqaajiyo peroxidase (POD) iyo catalase (CAT).Ka saar cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ee xag-jirrada xorta ah ee ogsijiinta ee yaanyada si aad u ilaaliso nidaamka sawir-qaadista ee geedo yaanyo oo ku hoos jira diiqada qaboojinta iyo kor u qaadida soo kabashada degdegga ah ka dib cadaadiska.
(6) Goynta isku dhafan, hufnaanta la xoojiyey oo ka badbaado badan
Brassinoids dabiiciga ah ayaa si dhakhso ah u abaabuli kara heerka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka aasaasiga ah ee dhirta.Dhinaca kale, marka la isku daro herbicides, waxay kor u qaadi kartaa nuugista iyo qaadista daroogada ee haramaha iyo kor u qaadida saameynta herbicide;Dhanka kale, marka cayayaanka kala duwan ay u muuqdaan kuwo waxyeello leh, brassicas dabiiciga ah waa in dib loo rogaa waqtigeeda Hormoonku wuxuu dhaqaajin karaa habka sun-saaridda dalagga, dardar-gelinta dheef-shiid kiimikaadka sunta cayayaanka ee jirka, iyo kor u qaadista soo kabashada dalagga.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-19-2024