Maxay yihiin saameynta shirkadaha soo galaya suuqa Brazil ee wax soo saarka bayoolojiga iyo isbeddellada cusub ee lagu taageerayo siyaasadaha

Suuqa wax-soo-saarka beeraha ee Brazil ayaa sanadihii ugu dambeeyay sii waday koritaan degdeg ah. Marka la eego wacyiga sii kordhaya ee ilaalinta deegaanka, caannimada fikradaha beeraha waara, iyo taageerada siyaasadeed ee xooggan ee dawladda, Brazil waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqonaysaa xarun muhiim ah oo suuq iyo hal-abuur ah oo loogu talagalay wax-soo-saarka beeraha ee caalamiga ah, taasoo soo jiidanaysa shirkadaha bayoolojiga ee caalamiga ah si ay u sameeyaan hawlgallo dalka.

Xaaladda hadda ee suuqa sunta cayayaanka ee Brazil

Sannadkii 2023, dhulka beerashada dalagyada Brazil wuxuu gaaray 81.82 milyan oo hektar, oo dalagga ugu badan uu yahay soybean, oo ka dhigan 52% wadarta dhulka la beeray, waxaa ku xiga galleyda jiilaalka, qasabka sonkorta iyo galleyda xagaaga. Dhulkeeda ballaaran ee beeraha lagu beero, Brazilsunta cayayaankaSuuqa ayaa gaaray qiyaastii $20 bilyan (isticmaalka beeraha) sannadkii 2023, iyadoo sunta cayayaanka ee soybean-ka ay tahay saamiga ugu badan ee qiimaha suuqa (58%) iyo suuqa ugu kobaca badan saddexdii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

Saamiga sunta cayayaanka disha ee guud ahaan suuqa sunta cayayaanka ee Brazil wali aad ayuu u hooseeyaa, laakiin si aad ah ayuu u korayaa, isagoo ka koray 1% sannadkii 2018 ilaa 4% sannadkii 2023 shan sano gudahood, iyadoo heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah uu yahay 38%, taasoo aad uga badan heerka kobaca 12% ee sunta cayayaanka kiimikada.

Sannadkii 2023, suuqa sunta cayayaanka disha ee dalka ayaa gaaray qiimo suuqeed oo dhan $800 milyan dhammaadka beeralayda. Kuwaas, marka la eego qaybta, nematocides-ka bayoolojiga ah ayaa ah qaybta ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka (inta badan loo isticmaalo soybean-ka iyo sonkorta); Qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn waasunta cayayaanka ee bayoolojiga ah, waxaa ku xiga wakiilada microbial iyo biocides; CAGR-ga ugu sarreeya qiimaha suuqa muddada u dhaxaysa 2018-2023 waa nematocides-ka bayoolojiga, ilaa 52%. Marka la eego dalagyada la dabaqay, saamiga sunta cayayaanka disha ee soybean-ka ee qiimaha suuqa oo dhan ayaa ah kan ugu sarreeya, isagoo gaaray 55% sannadkii 2023; Isla mar ahaantaana, sunta digirta ayaa sidoo kale ah dalagga leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee isticmaalka sunta cayayaanka disha, iyadoo 88% dhulkeeda la beeray ay isticmaaleen alaabadaas sannadkii 2023. Galleyda jiilaalka iyo dambaska sonkorta ayaa ah dalagyada labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn qiimaha suuqa siday u kala horreeyaan. Qiimaha suuqa ee dalagyadan ayaa kordhay saddexdii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho ku saabsan qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee sunta cayayaanka disha ee dalagyadan muhiimka ah. Qiimaha suuqa ugu weyn ee sunta cayayaanka disha ee soybean waa sunta cayayaanka disha ee bayoolojiga, taasoo ka dhigan 43% sanadka 2023. Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo galleyda xilliga jiilaalka iyo galleyda xagaaga waa sunta cayayaanka disha ee bayoolojiga, taasoo ka dhigan 66% iyo 75% qiimaha suuqa ee sunta cayayaanka disha ee labada nooc ee dalagyada, siday u kala horreeyaan (inta badan xakamaynta cayayaanka qaniinyada leh). Qaybta wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee sunta qashinka waa sunta cayayaanka disha ee bayoolojiga, kuwaas oo ka dhigan in ka badan kala bar saamiga suuqa ee sunta cayayaanka disha ee bayoolojiga ee sonkorta.

Marka laga hadlayo baaxadda isticmaalka, jaantuska soo socda wuxuu muujinayaa sagaalka maaddooyin firfircoon ee ugu isticmaalka badan, saamiga dhulka la daweeyay ee dalagyada kala duwan, iyo wadarta guud ee isticmaalka hal sano gudaheed. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, Trichoderma waa qaybta ugu firfircoon, taas oo loo isticmaalo 8.87 milyan oo hektar oo dalagyo ah sannadkii, inta badan beerista soybean. Tan waxaa ku xigay Beauveria bassiana (6.845 milyan oo hektar), taas oo inta badan lagu dabaqay galleyda jiilaalka. Siddeed ka mid ah sagaalkan maaddooyin ee ugu muhiimsan firfircooni waa kuwo u adkaysta bayoolojiga, dulin-duureedyaduna waa cayayaanka kaliya ee dabiiciga ah ee cadowga (dhammaantoodna loo isticmaalo beerista qasabka). Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo maaddooyinkan firfircooni si fiican ugu iibiyaan:

Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana iyo Bacillus amylus: in ka badan 50 shirkadood oo wax soo saar ah, kuwaas oo bixiya daboolid suuqeed iyo sahay wanaagsan;

Rhodospore: koror weyn, oo inta badan sabab u ah kororka tirada caleenta galleyda, aagga daaweynta wax soo saarka oo ah 11 milyan oo hektar sanadka 2021, iyo 30 milyan oo hektar sanadka 2024 ee galleyda jiilaalka;

Xayawaanka dulinka ah: waxay leeyihiin boos deggan oo muddo dheer ah oo ku yaal qaska sonkorta, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo xakamaynta qashin-qubka;

Metarhizium anisopliae: Kobac degdeg ah, oo inta badan ay ugu wacan tahay kororka dhacdooyinka nematodes iyo joojinta diiwaangelinta carbofuran (kiimikada ugu weyn ee lagu xakameeyo nematodes).