Karl Dirks, oo 1,000 acres oo dhul ah ku beeray Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, ayaa maqlayay qiimaha sare u kaca ee glyphosate iyo glufosinate, laakiin isagu wax argagax ah kama qabo arrintan.Waxa uu yiri: "Waxaan u maleynayaa in qiimuhu uu is hagaajin doono.Qiimaha sare wuxuu u janjeeraa inuu sare u kaco.Aad baan uga walwalsanahay.Waxaan ka tirsanahay kooxda dadka aan weli welwelin, laakiin xoogaa taxaddar leh.Waxaan sameyn doonaa waddo."
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Chip Bowling, oo beeray 275 hektar oo galley ah iyo 1,250 acres oo soybeans ah oo ku taal Newberg, Maryland, maahan mid rajo leh.Waxa uu dhawaan isku dayay in uu glyphosate ka dalbado R&D Cross, abuur maxalli ah iyo qaybiye wax gal ah, laakiin qaybiyaha ayaa awoodi waayay in uu bixiyo qiimo gaar ah ama taariikhda keenista.Sida laga soo xigtay Bowling, xeebta bari, waxay heleen goos goos aad u badan (dhowr sano oo xiriir ah).Laakiin dhowrkii sano ee kasta, waxaa jiri doona sanado leh wax soo saar dhexdhexaad ah.Haddii xagaaga soo socda uu kulul yahay oo engegan yahay, waxay ku noqon kartaa dharbaaxo xun beeralayda qaarkood.
Sicirka glyphosate iyo glufosinate (Xorriyadda) ayaa dhaaftay heerarkii ugu sarreeyay, taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay saadka daciifka ah ee sii socda mana la filayo wax horumar ah ka hor guga soo socda.
Sida laga soo xigtay Dwight Lingenfelter, khabiir cawska ah oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Penn State University, waxaa jira arrimo badan oo tan ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhibaatooyinka silsiladda sahayda ee sii raagay ee ay sababtay cudurka faafa ee sambabada cusub, awood la'aanta in ay miino ku filan tahay dhagax fosfateed si ay u sameyso glyphosate, Konteenarada iyo arrimaha kaydinta, iyo sidoo kale xidhitaanka iyo dib u furista warshad weyn oo Bayer CropScience ah oo ku taal Louisiana sababtoo ah Hurricane Ida.
Lingenfelter wuxuu aaminsan yahay: "Tani waxaa sababa kor u qaadista arrimo kala duwan ee hadda."Wuxuu sheegay in glyphosate-ka guud ee $12.50 halkii gallon sanadka 2020 uu hadda waydiinayo $35 ilaa $40.Glufosinate-ammonium, oo wakhtigaas ku jirtay US$33 ilaa US$34, ayaa hadda waydiisanaysa ilaa US$80.Haddii aad nasiib u leedahay inaad dalbato qaar ka mid ah herbicides, u diyaargarow inaad sugto.
"Dadka qaar waxay u maleynayaan in haddii dalabku dhab ahaantii iman karo, laga yaabo inuusan iman ilaa Juunyo sanadka soo socda ama ka dib xagaaga.Marka laga eego dhinaca dilka haramaha, tani waa dhibaato.Waxay ila tahay in meeshaan hadda joogno.Xaaladaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si buuxda loo tixgeliyo waxa la samayn karo si loo badbaadiyo alaabta, "ayuu yiri Lingenfelter.Yaraanta "laba-caws" waxay u horseedi kartaa saameynta dammaanadda ee 2,4-D ama yaraanta clethodim.Clethodim waa doorasho lagu kalsoonaan karo oo loogu talagalay xakameynta cawska.
Bixinta alaabta glyphosate waxaa ka buuxa hubaal la'aan
Ed Snyder oo ka tirsan Adeegga Dalagga Snyder ee Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, ayaa sheegay in aanu rumaysnayn in shirkadiisu yeelan doonto glyphosate guga soo socda.
Snyder wuxuu sheegay in sidan uu u sheegay macaamiishiisa.Waxay sheegi waayeen taariikhda la qiyaasay.Ma ballan qaadi karo inta alaab ee aad heli kartoWaxa kale oo uu sheegay in glyphosate la'aanteed, macaamiishiisa laga yaabo inay u beddelaan dhirta kale ee caadiga ah, sida Gramoxone (paraquat).Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in premixes-magacyada ay ku jiraan glyphosate, sida Halex GT ee soo ifbaxa ka dib, wali waa la heli karaa.
Shawn Miller oo ka tirsan Melvin Weaver iyo Sons ayaa sheegay in qiimaha dawooyinka dhirta uu aad kor ugu kacay.Waxa uu kala hadlay macaamiisha qiimaha ugu sarreeya ee ay diyaar u yihiin in ay ku bixiyaan alaabta iyo sidii loo kordhin lahaa qiimaha herbicide halkii gallon marka ay alaabta helaan.qiimaha.
Miller xitaa ma aqbali doono amarrada 2022, sababtoo ah dhammaan alaabooyinka waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa goobta shixnadda, taas oo aad uga duwan xaaladdii hore loogu sii iibin lahaa.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu weli aaminsan yahay in mar hadduu gu' yimaado, wax soo saarka ayaa soo bixi doona, oo wuxuu u duceeyaa inuu sidan noqdo.Waxa uu yiri: “Ma dejin karno qiimo sababtoo ah ma naqaano halka barta qiimaha ay tahay.Qof kastaa wuu ka walaacsan yahay arrintaas.”
Khubaradu waxay si yar u isticmaalaan daawoyinka
Kuwa beeraleyda ah ee nasiibka u leh inay helaan alaab ka hor guga horraanta, Lingenfelter waxay soo jeedinaysaa inay ka fiirsadaan sida loo badbaadiyo alaabta ama ay isku dayaan siyaabo kale oo ay u qaataan guga hore.Wuxuu sheegay in halkii la isticmaali lahaa 32-ounce Roundup Powermax, ay fiicantahay in la dhimo 22 wiqiyadood.Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii sahaydu xaddidan tahay, waa in la qabtaa waqtiga buufinta - haddii ay tahay dil ama buufin dalagga.
In la iska dhaafo noocyada soybean-ka ee 30-inji ah iyo u beddelashada noocyo 15-inch ah waxay ka dhigi kartaa saqafka dhumuc weyn oo ay kula tartanto haramaha.Dabcan, diyaarinta dhulku mararka qaarkood waa ikhtiyaar, laakiin ka hor, waxay u baahan tahay in la tixgeliyo cilladaha: kharashka shidaalka oo kordhay, luminta ciidda, iyo burburinta beer la'aanta muddada dheer.
Lingenfelter wuxuu sheegay in baaritaanku uu sidoo kale muhiim u yahay, si la mid ah xakameynta filashooyinka beer asal ahaan aan nadiif ahayn.
"Sannadka ama labada sano ee soo socda, waxaa laga yaabaa inaan aragno beero caws badan," ayuu yidhi."Qaar ka mid ah haramaha, u diyaargarow inaad aqbasho in heerka xakamaynta uu yahay kaliya 70% halkii 90% ee hore."
Laakiin fikradan sidoo kale waxay leedahay cilladaheeda.Lingenfelter wuxuu sheegay in haramaha badan ay ka dhigan tahay wax-soosaar hoose iyo haramaha dhibaatada leh way adkaan doontaa in la xakameeyo.Markaad la macaamilayso amaranth iyo amaranth canabka ah, 75% heerka xakamaynta haramaha kuma filna.Shamrock ama quinoa xidid cas, 75% heerka xakamaynta ayaa ku filnaan kara.Nooca haramaha ayaa go'aamin doona heerka xakamaynta dabacsanaanta iyaga.
Gary Snyder oo ka tirsan Nutrien, oo la shaqeeya ilaa 150 beeraley ah oo ku nool koonfurta bari ee Pennsylvania, ayaa sheegay in si kasta oo ay u timaado herbicide, haddii ay tahay glyphosate ama glufosinate, waa la siin doonaa si taxadar leh.
Waxa uu sheegay in beeralayda looga baahan yahay inay balaadhiyaan xulashada dawooyinka dhirta ee guga soo socda, isla markaana ay sida ugu dhakhsaha badan u dhamaystiraan qorshayaasha si looga fogaado in cawsku uu noqdo dhibaato weyn marka la beero.Waxa uu kula talinayaa beeralayda aan weli dooran Beelaha galleyda in ay iibsadaan abuur leh xulashada hidde ee ugu wanaagsan ee xakamaynta haramaha dambe.
"Dhibaatada ugu weyn waa abuurka saxda ah.Ku buufi sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.U fiirso haramaha dalagga.Alaabooyinka soo baxay sagaashamaadkii ayaa wali ku jira kaydka, tanna waa la samayn karaa.Dhammaan hababka waa in la tixgeliyaa, "ayuu yiri Snyder.
Bowling wuxuu sheegay inuu ilaalin doono dhammaan xulashooyinka.Haddii qiimaha alaabooyinka, oo ay ku jiraan herbicides, ay sii wadaan inay sarreeyaan qiimaha dalaggana uu ku guuldareysto inuu sii wado, wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu u beddelo beero badan oo soy ah, sababtoo ah soybiyadu way ka jaban tahay in la beero.Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inuu beddelo beero badan si uu u beero cawska calafka.
Lingenfelter wuxuu rajeynayaa in beeralayda aysan sugi doonin ilaa jiilaalka dambe ama gu'ga si ay u bilaabaan bixinta dareenka arrintan.Wuxuu yiri: “Waxaan rajeynayaa in qof walba uu arrintan si dhab ah u qaadan doono.Waxaan ka walwalsanahay in dad badan ay markaasi ilaalin doonaan.Waxay u maleynayaan in bisha Maarso ee sanadka soo socda, ay amar ka dalban doonaan iibiyaha oo ay awoodi doonaan inay guriga u qaadaan baabuur xamuul ah oo dhir ah ama sunta cayayaanka isla maalintaas..Markii aan ka fekeray, waxaa laga yaabaa inay indhaha ka rogeen."
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-15-2021