20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sunta cayayaanka ee dalkayga ayaa si degdeg ah u horumartay. Marka hore, sababtoo ah soo bandhigidda noocyo badan oo cusub iyo teknoolojiyad horumarsan oo ka timid dibadda, marka labaadna, dadaallada cutubyada gudaha ee khuseeya ayaa suurtageliyay in inta badan walxaha ceeriin ee ugu muhiimsan iyo qaababka qiyaasta sunta cayayaanka ee nadiifka ah la soo saaro. iyo in la xuso tayada sare iyo horumarinta noocyada cusub ee horumarinta daawada. In kasta oo ay jiraan noocyo badan oo ah walxaha cayriin ee sunta cayayaanka, marka laga hadlayo sunta cayayaanka ee nadaafadda, pyrethroids wali waa kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee hadda la isticmaalo. Sababtoo ah cayayaanka ayaa sameeyay heerar kala duwan oo iska caabin ah oo ka dhan ah pyrethroids meelaha qaarkood, waxaana jira iska caabin isdhaafsi ah, taas oo saameysa isticmaalkeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan oo gaar ah sida sunta hoose iyo hufnaanta sare, way adag tahay in lagu beddelo noocyo kale muddo cayiman gudaheed. Noocyada caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waa tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin iyo dextramethrin hodanka ah Allethrin iwm. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah D-trans allethrin hodanka ah si madax-bannaan ayaa loo horumariyaa oo looga soo saaraa waddankayga. Qaybta aashitada ee allethrin-ka caadiga ah waxaa laga soocaa cis iyo isomers-ka trans-ka, isomer-ka bidix iyo midigna waa la kala saaraa si loo kordhiyo saamiga jirkiisa wax ku oolka ah, taasoo hagaajinaysa waxtarka wax soo saarka. Isla mar ahaantaana, jirka aan saxnayn waxaa loo beddelaa jir sax ah, taasoo sii yareynaysa kharashka. Waxay calaamad u tahay in soo saarista pyrethroids ee dalkayga ay gashay goobta horumarinta madaxbannaan iyo gelitaanka goobta stereochemistry iyo tiknoolajiyada dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha oo sarreeya. Dichlorvos oo ka mid ah cayayaanka organophosphorus waa noocyada leh wax soo saarka ugu weyn iyo codsiga ugu ballaaran sababtoo ah saameynteeda xooggan ee burburinta, awoodda dilka xooggan iyo shaqada isbeddelka dabiiciga ah, laakiin DDVP iyo chlorpyrifos waa la xaddiday isticmaalka. Sannadkii 1999, Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Warshadaha Kiimikada ee Hunan, sida ku cad talada WHO, wuxuu sameeyay sunta cayayaanka disha ee degdegga ah iyo sunta acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu xakameeyo kaneecada, duqsiga, baranbarada iyo caarada.
Kaarbamates-ka, propoxur iyo Zhongbucarb waxaa loo isticmaalaa xaddi badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay xogta khuseysa, badeecada kala-baxa ee sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, waxay leedahay dhibaatooyin sun ah. Badeecadan laguma darin liiska alaabada sunta cayayaanka ee nadaafadda guryaha oo ay daabacday Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka sannadkii 1997, marka laga reebo Shiinaha, ma jiro waddan kale oo adduunka ah oo u isticmaalay badeecadan alaabada sunta cayayaanka ee nadaafadda guryaha. Si loo hubiyo badbaadada sunta cayayaanka ee nadaafadda guryaha iyo inay la jaanqaado heerarka caalamiga ah, Machadka Xakamaynta Sunta cayayaanka ee Wasaaradda Beeraha oo ay weheliso xaaladaha qaranka ee dalkayga, Maarso 23, 2000, Zhongbuwei, ayaa la sameeyay xeerar khuseeya oo ku saabsan u gudubka tartiib tartiib ah ee joojinta isticmaalka sunta cayayaanka ee nadaafadda guryaha.
Waxaa jira cilmi-baarayaal badan oo ku takhasusay xakamaynta koritaanka cayayaanka, waxaana jira noocyo badan, sida: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, iwm. Meelaha qaar, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo dirxiga ku jira goobaha lagu tarmo kaneecada iyo duqsiga, waxayna gaareen natiijooyin wanaagsan. Si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo caan baxayaa oo loo adeegsadaa.
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, cutubyo sida Jaamacadda Fudan ayaa cilmi-baaris ku sameeyay oo sameeyay pheromones-ka guryaha, Jaamacadda Wuhan-na si madax-bannaan ayay u samaysay fayruusyada baranbaro. Badeecadahani waxay leeyihiin rajo ballaaran oo ku saabsan isticmaalka. Badeecadaha cayayaanka ee microbial-ka ah ayaa la horumarinayaa, sida: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, fayraska baranbaro iyo Metarhizium anisopliae ayaa loo diiwaan geliyay inay yihiin badeecooyin nadaafadeed. Kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee isku-dhafka ah waa piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, iyo amine synergist. Intaa waxaa dheer, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, sababtoo ah dhibaatada rajada codsiga ee octachlorodipropyl ether, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Kaymaha Nanjing wuxuu ka soo saaray AI-1 synergist turpentine, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Entomology ee Shanghai iyo Jaamacadda Beeraha ee Nanjing waxay sameeyeen wakiil isku-dhafka ah oo 94o ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira amines isku-dhafka ah oo dabagal ah, synergists, iyo horumarinta S-855 synergists oo laga soo qaatay dhirta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira wadarta guud ee 87 maaddooyin firfircoon oo sunta cayayaanka ah oo ku jira xaaladda wax ku oolka ah ee diiwaangelinta sunta cayayaanka ee dalkeenna, kuwaas oo ka mid ah: 46 (52.87%) oo pyrethroids ah, 8 (9.20%) oo organophosphorus ah, 5 oo karbomates ah 1 (5.75%), 5 walxo aan dabiici ahayn (5.75%), 4 nooleyaal ah (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), iyo 18 nooc oo kale (20.68%).
Waqtiga boostada: Maarso-20-2023