20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, si xawli ah ayay u kobceen sunta cayayaanka nadaafadda ee dalkayga.Marka hore, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay soo bandhigida noocyo badan oo cusub iyo teknoolojiyad sare oo dibadda ah, iyo labaad, dadaalka cutubyada gudaha ee khuseeya ayaa suurtageliyay inta badan alaabta ceeriin ee ugu muhiimsan iyo qaababka qiyaasta ee cayayaanka nadaafadda ah in la soo saaro.iyo sheeg tayada sare iyo horumarinta noocyada cusub ee horumarinta daroogada.Inkasta oo ay jiraan noocyo badan oo ka mid ah alaabta ceyriinka ah, illaa iyo inta laga hadlayo sunta cayayaanka nadaafadda, pyrethroids ayaa weli ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee hadda la isticmaalo.Sababtoo ah cayayaanka ayaa soo saaray heerar kala duwan oo iska caabin ah pyrethroids meelaha qaarkood, waxaana jira iska caabin ah, taas oo saameynaysa isticmaalkeeda.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan oo gaar ah sida sunta hoose iyo waxtarka sare, way adagtahay in lagu beddelo noocyo kale muddo cayiman gudahood.Noocyada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa tetramethrin, Es-bio-alethrin, d-alethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin iyo hodan dextramethrin Allethrin iwm. dalkayga.Qaybta aashitada ee allethrin-ka caadiga ah waxay ka soocday cis iyo isomers-ka trans iyo isomers bidix iyo midig waa la kala soocay si loo kordhiyo saamiga jirkeeda waxtarka leh, taas oo hagaajinaysa waxtarka badeecada.Isla mar ahaantaana, jidhka aan shaqaynayn ayaa loo beddelaa jidh sax ah, taas oo sii yaraynaysa kharashka.Waxay calaamad u tahay in wax soo saarka pyrethroids ee dalkaygu uu galay beerta horumarinta madax-bannaanida iyo gelitaanka goobta stereochemistry iyo tiknoolajiyada dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee indhaha.Dichlorvos oo ka mid ah cayayaanka organophosphorus waa noocyada leh wax soo saarka ugu weyn iyo codsiga ugu ballaaran sababtoo ah saameynteeda garaaca ee xooggan, awoodda dilka xooggan iyo shaqada dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin DDVP iyo chlorpyrifos ayaa la xaddiday isticmaalka.Sannadkii 1999-kii, Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Hunan ee Warshadaha Kiimikada, sida laga soo xigtay talada WHO, waxay soo saartay cayayaan degdeg ah oo ballaadhan, iyo acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu xakameeyo kaneecada, duqsiga, baranbarada iyo caarada.
Ka mid ah carrabamates, propoxur iyo Zhongbucarb ayaa loo isticmaalaa xaddi badan.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka loo eego xogta laxiriirta, sheyga burburka ee sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, wuxuu leeyahay dhibaatooyin sun ah.Alaabtan laguma darin liiska alaabada sunta cayayaanka lagu nadiifiyo ee guriga ee ay daabacday Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka 1997, marka laga reebo Shiinaha, ma jiro waddan kale oo adduunka ah oo badeecadan u isticmaalay alaabta cayayaanka lagu nadiifiyo.Si loo hubiyo badbaadada cayayaanka fayodhowrka qoyska iyo in la waafajiyo heerarka caalamiga ah, Machadka Xakamaynta cayayaanka ee Wasaaradda Beeraha oo lagu daray xaaladaha qaranka ee dalkayga, bishii Maarso 23, 2000, ee Zhongbuwei, xeerarka ku habboon kala-guurka tartiib tartiib ah joojinta isticmaalka nadaafadda guriga ayaa la sameeyay.
Waxaa jira cilmi-baarayaal badan oo ku takhasusay xakameynta koritaanka cayayaanka, waxaana jira noocyo badan, sida: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, iwm. Meelaha qaarkood, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo dirxiga ee kaneecada iyo goobaha duqsiga, waxayna heleen natiijooyin wanaagsan.Si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo faafinayaa oo loo dabaqayaa.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, cutubyo ay ka mid tahay Jaamacadda Fudan ayaa baadhay oo soo saaray pheromones housefly, Jaamacadda Wuhan waxay si madaxbanaan u samaysay fayraska baranbaro.Alaabooyinkani waxay leeyihiin rajooyin codsi oo ballaadhan.Badeecadaha sunta cayayaanka ee microbial-ka ah ayaa ku socda horumar, sida: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, fayraska baranbaro iyo Metarhizium anisopliae ayaa loo diiwaan galiyay sidii agab nadaafadeed.Isku-dubaridyada ugu waaweyn waa piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, iyo amine synergist.Intaa waxaa dheer, sannadihii la soo dhaafay, ay sabab u tahay dhibaatada codsiga codsiga octachlorodipropyl ether, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute soo saaray AI-1 synergist ka turpentine, iyo Shanghai Entomology Research Institute iyo Nanjing Agricultural University horumariyo 94o synergist ah.wakiil.Waxa kale oo jira amines isku-dhafan oo daba-gal ah, isku-dhafan, iyo horumarinta S-855 isku-dhafan oo ka soo jeeda dhirta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira wadar ahaan 87 maaddooyinka firfircoon ee sunta cayayaanka ee heerka wax ku oolka ah ee diiwaangelinta cayayaanka nadaafadda ee waddankeena, kuwaas oo: 46 (52.87%) ee pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) organophosphorus, 5 of carbamates 1 (5.75) %), 5 walxaha aan noolaha lahayn (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), iyo 18 nooc oo kale (20.68%).
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-20-2023