Kee baaphytohormoonnadadoor muhiim ah ayay ka ciyaaraan maaraynta abaaraha? Sidee bay phytohormones ula qabsadaan isbeddellada deegaanka? Warqad lagu daabacay joornaalka Trends in Plant Science ayaa dib u fasiraysa oo kala saaraysa shaqooyinka 10 nooc oo phytohormones ah oo ilaa hadda laga helay boqortooyada dhirta. Molecules-kani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan dhirta waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa beeraha sida geedaha lagu buufiyo, walxaha kiciya noolaha, iyo wax soo saarka miraha iyo khudaarta.
Daraasaddu waxay sidoo kale shaaca ka qaadaysaa taasphytohormoonnadawaa kuwo muhiim u ah la qabsiga xaaladaha deegaanka ee isbeddelaya (biyo yaraanta, daadadka, iwm.) iyo hubinta badbaadada dhirta ee deegaannada aadka u daran. Qoraaga daraasadda waa Sergi Munne-Bosch, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan Kulliyadda Bayoolajiga iyo Machadka Kala Duwanaanshaha Noolaha (IRBio) ee Jaamacadda Barcelona iyo madaxa Kooxda Cilmi-baarista Isku-dhafan ee Antioxidants ee Beeraha Biotechnology.
"Tan iyo markii Fritz W. Went uu ogaaday auxin oo ah qayb qaybin unug sanadkii 1927, horumarka sayniska ee phytohormones ayaa kacaan ku sameeyay bayoolajiga dhirta iyo tignoolajiyada beeraha," ayuu yiri Munne-Bosch, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay bayoolajiga isbeddelka, cilmiga deegaanka, iyo cilmiga deegaanka.
Iyadoo ay jirto doorka muhiimka ah ee kala sarreynta hoormoonka phytohormone, cilmi-baarista tijaabada ah ee aaggan weli ma aysan sameyn horumar la taaban karo. Auxins, cytokinins, iyo gibberellins waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan koritaanka iyo horumarka dhirta, sida laga soo xigtay kala sarreynta hoormoonka ee qorayaashu soo jeediyeen, waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin nidaamiyeyaasha aasaasiga ah.
Heerka labaad,Aashitada caloosha (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, iyo jasmonic acid waxay gacan ka geystaan habeynta jawaabaha ugu wanaagsan ee dhirta ee xaaladaha deegaanka ee isbeddelaya waana arrimo muhiim ah oo go'aamiya jawaabaha walbahaarka. "Ethylene iyo abscisic acid ayaa si gaar ah muhiim ugu ah cadaadiska biyaha. Abscisic acid ayaa mas'uul ka ah xiritaanka stomata (dalool yar yar oo ku yaal caleenta nidaamisa isdhaafsiga gaaska) iyo jawaabaha kale ee cadaadiska biyaha iyo fuuqbaxa. Dhirta qaar waxay awood u leeyihiin isticmaalka biyaha oo aad u hufan, inta badan sababtoo ah doorka sharciyeynta ee abscisic acid," ayuu yiri Munne-Bosch. Brassinosteroids, hoormoonada peptide, iyo strigolactones waxay ka kooban yihiin heerka saddexaad ee hoormoonada, iyagoo siinaya dhirta dabacsanaan weyn si ay si fiican uga jawaabaan xaalado kala duwan.
Intaa waxaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah molecules-ka loogu talagalay phytohormones weli si buuxda uma buuxin dhammaan shuruudaha waxayna weli sugayaan aqoonsiga kama dambaysta ah. "Melatonin iyo γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) waa laba tusaale oo wanaagsan. Melatonin wuxuu buuxiyaa dhammaan shuruudaha, laakiin aqoonsiga qaataha ayaa weli ku jira marxaladaha hore (hadda, qaataha PMTR1 waxaa laga helay oo keliya Arabidopsis thaliana). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mustaqbalka dhow, bulshada sayniska ayaa laga yaabaa inay gaarto heshiis oo ay ku xaqiijiso inay tahay phytohormone."
"Marka laga hadlayo GABA, weli lama helin wax soo-dhoweeyayaal ah oo ku jira dhirta. GABA waxay xakameysaa kanaallada ion, laakiin waa wax lala yaabo inaysan ahayn hormoonka neerfaha ama hoormoonka xayawaanka ee dhirta," ayuu yiri khabiirku.
Mustaqbalka, maadaama kooxaha phytohormone aysan kaliya muhiimad weyn u lahayn cilmiga bayoolajiga aasaasiga ah laakiin ay sidoo kale muhiimad weyn u leeyihiin beeraha iyo bayotechnoolajiyadda dhirta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ballaariyo aqoontayada kooxaha phytohormone.
"Waa muhiim in la barto phytohormones-ka aan weli si fiican loo fahmin, sida strigolactones, brassinosteroids, iyo hoormoonada peptide. Waxaan u baahanahay cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan isdhexgalka hoormoonka, kaas oo ah meel si fiican loo fahmay, iyo sidoo kale molecules-ka aan weli loo kala saarin phytohormones, sida melatonin iyo gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," ayuu kusoo gabagabeeyay Sergi Munne-Bosch. Isha: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-13-2025