Lambda-cyhalothrin, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan cyhalothrin iyo kungfu cyhalothrin, waxaa si guul leh u horumariyay kooxda AR Jutsum sanadkii 1984. Habka ficilkeeda waa in la beddelo marin-u-helka xuubka neerfaha cayayaanka, la joojiyo gudbinta axon-ka neerfaha cayayaanka, la burburiyo shaqada neerfaha iyadoo la falgalaysa kanaalka sodium ion, ka dhig cayayaanka sunta ah mid aad u kacsan, curyaan ah oo dhinta, isla markaana si dhakhso ah u burburin kara cayayaanka. Lambda-cyhalothrin waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah oo ah faafinta cayayaanka ballaaran, firfircooni sare iyo saameyn muddo dheer ah, waxayna ku habboon tahay xakamaynta cayayaanka dalagyada sida sarreenka, galleyda, geedaha miraha, suufka, khudaarta iskutallaabta lagu qodo, iwm.
1 Xaalad aasaasi ah
高效氯氟氰菊酯Magaca Ingiriisiga: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Qaacidada Molekulaarka: C23H19ClF3NO3; Barta karkarinta: 187~190℃/0.2 mmHg; Lambarka CAS: 91465-08-633.
Qaab-dhismeedka badeecadda waxaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 1.
Jaantuska 1aad Qaacidada qaab-dhismeedka ee beta-cyhalothrin
2 bartilmaameedyada sunta iyo xakamaynta
Beta-cyhalothrin waxay leedahay saameyn dil iyo sumeyn caloosha ah, waxayna sidoo kale leedahay saameyn ka hortag ah mana laha saameyn nidaamsan. Waxay leedahay saameyn xakameyn oo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan cayayaanka afka lagu calaliyo sida dirxiga Lepidoptera iyo qaar ka mid ah cayayaanka Coleoptera, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta cayayaanka afka lagu nuugo sida pear psyllium. Shayga ugu muhiimsan ee xakamaynta beta-cyhalothrin waa midges, armyworms, galleyda booters, beet armyworms, heartworms, caleen rollers, armyworms, swallowtail balanbaalis, fruit armyworms, cudbi bollworms, cas bollworms, kaabash digir, iwm. Dhulka cawska, cawska iyo dalagyada beeraha qalalan, waxay ka hortagi kartaa oo xakamayn kartaa cows cows, iwm. Isticmaal xilliyada gobollada kala duwan ee adduunka: Shiinaha, inta badan laga bilaabo Maarso ilaa Agoosto; Koonfurta/Waqooyiga Ameerika, laga bilaabo Maarso ilaa Maajo iyo Sebtembar ilaa Diseembar; Koonfur-bari Aasiya, laga bilaabo Diseembar ilaa Maajo; Yurub, laga bilaabo Maarso ilaa Maajo iyo Sebtembar ilaa Diseembar dayaxa.
3 Habka isku-darka iyo dhexdhexaadinta ugu muhiimsan
(1) Isku-darka chloride-ka aashitada trifluorochlorochrysanthemum
Asiidhka Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum (Kung fu acid) wuxuu la falgalaa thionyl chloride, wuxuu demiyaa oo hagaajiyaa si loo helo trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Isku-darka saliidda cayriin ee chlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) iyo sodium cyanide ayaa la sameeyay si loo helo saliid cayriin ah oo chlorofluorocyanide ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo kicinta.
(3) Isku-darka beta-cyhalothrin
Iyada oo la adeegsanayo amiinada dabiiciga ah, chlorofluorocyanide-ka cayriin ayaa la mariyaa epimerization si loo soo saaro beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Xaaladda suuqa gudaha
Sida laga soo xigtay su'aal ay soo gudbisay Shabakadda Macluumaadka Cayayaanka ee Shiinaha, laga bilaabo Maajo 20, 2022, tirada diiwaangelinta farsamada ee alpha-cyhalothrin waxay ahayd 45, waxyaabaha la diiwaan geliyayna waxay ahaayeen 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, iyo 98%. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah diiwaangelinta oo leh 95%, 96%, iyo 98% waxyaabaha ku jira.
Sida laga soo xigtay su'aasha Shabakadda Macluumaadka Cayayaanka ee Shiinaha, laga bilaabo Maajo 20, 2022. Xogta diiwaangelinta gudaha ee diyaarinta beta-cyhalothrin waxay muujineysaa inay jiraan isku-darka hal-qiyaas ah, kuwaas oo 621 ka mid ah ay yihiin hal-qiyaas ah iyo 216 ay yihiin isku-darka. Hal qiyaas: 621 ayaa la diiwaangeliyey, diyaargarowga ugu muhiimsan waa 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% emulsion biyo ah, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, iwm. Isku darka isku dhafan: 216 ayaa la diiwaangeliyey, inta badan waxaa ku jira Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine iyo walxo kale oo isku dhafan. Qaababka qiyaasta ugu muhiimsan waa: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion biyood, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% wakiilka suspension, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% budada qoyan, iwm.
5 Xaaladda suuqa dibadda
5.1 Diiwaangelinta diyaargarowga dibadda
Qiyaasta hal mar ee ugu muhiimsan ee la diiwaangeliyey waa 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Isku darka ugu muhiimsan waa: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6% suspension agent, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Dhoofinta Shiinaha
Laga soo bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2019, wadarta guud ee 582 shirkadood ayaa dhoofiyay cyhalothrin oo ah badeecooyin farsamo iyo diyaarin oo tayo sare leh, mugga dhoofinta ee tobanka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeyana waxay ka dhigan tahay 45% wadarta guud ee mugga dhoofinta (ururinta 5 sano). Tobanka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya waxaa lagu taxay Shaxda 2.
Celceliska mugga dhoofinta agabka farsamada waa 2,400 tan/sanadkii, mugga dhoofinta ugu sarreeyana waa 3,000 tan/sanadkii. Mugga dhoofinta ayaa sannadba sannadka ka dambeeya kordhay laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2019. Celceliska mugga dhoofinta ee diyaargarowga jireed waa 14,800 tan/sanadkii, mugga dhoofinta ugu sarreeyana waa 17,000 tan (2017), ka dibna mugga dhoofintu waa mid deggan; celceliska mugga dhoofinta ee diyaargarowgu waa 460 tan/sanadkii, kan ugu sarreeyana waa 515 tan/sanadkii.
Laga soo bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2019, wax soo saarka farsamada iyo diyaarinta ee cyhalothrin waxaa loo dhoofiyay 77 suuq. Shanta suuq ee ugu sarreeya waxay ahaayeen Mareykanka, Belgium, Hindiya, Argentina, iyo Bakistaan. Shanta suuq ee ugu sarreeya waxay ka dhigan yihiin 57% wadarta dhoofinta Shiinaha. (5 sano oo isku darka ah).
6 isbeddello suuqeed oo ugu dambeeyay
Sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo, 7-dii Maajo, 2022, waqtiga maxalliga ah, warshad ay leedahay shirkadda beeraha ee Hindiya Bharat Rasayan, oo inta badan soo saarta alaabada pyrethroid iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira, ayaa dab qabsaday ka dib markii uu qarxay kuleyliyaha.
Hindiya waa mid ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee aan shatiga lahayn ee cayayaanka dila adduunka, kuwaas oo awoodda wax soo saarka ee dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha muhiimka ah ee alaabada pyrethroid, methyl betanate iyo ether aldehyde, ay tahay mid aad u sarreysa. Sannadka 2021, Bharat Rasayan waxay dhoofin doontaa in ka badan 6,000 oo tan oo ah daawooyinka farsamada, diyaarinta iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee cayayaanka dila, kuwaas oo 61% ay yihiin daawooyin farsamo, 13% diyaargarow iyo 26% dhexdhexaad ah (badanaa pyrethroid dhexdhexaad ah). Iyada oo ah dhexdhexaad muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay isku-darka cayayaanka pyrethroid, ether aldehyde waxay leedahay baahi gudaha ah oo sannadle ah oo qiyaastii 6,000 oo tan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhawaad kala bar loo baahan yahay in laga iibsado Hindiya.
Maadaama suuqa gudaha ee cyhalothrin uu ku dhow yahay dhammaadkiisa, shirkadda Hindiyana aysan ahayn shirkadda ugu weyn ee soo saarta dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha la xiriira alpha-cyhalothrin sida aldehydes ether, saameynta suuqa gudaha waa mid aad u yar, waana lagama maarmaan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho dhoofinta dhawaan la sameeyay.
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-08-2022