Ujeeddada daraasaddan waa in la bixiyo xog ku saabsansunta cayayaankaiska caabinta go'aan qaadashada barnaamijyada maaraynta iska caabbinta ee Togo.
Xaaladda u nuglaanshaha Anopheles gambiae (SL) ee cayayaanka lagu dilo ee loo isticmaalo caafimaadka dadweynaha ayaa lagu qiimeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab-raaca tijaabada ee WHO in vitro. Baaritaannada bayoolojiga ee iska caabbinta pyrethroid waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la raacayo hab-raacyada baaritaanka dhalada ee CDC. Hawlaha enzyme-ka ee sunta baabi'iya ayaa la tijaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, iyo ethacrine. Aqoonsiga noocyada gaarka ah iyo hidde-sidaha isbeddelka kdr ee Anopheles gambiae SL iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada PCR.
Dadka deegaanka ee ku nool Anopheles gambiae sl waxay muujiyeen u nuglaansho buuxda oo ah pirimiphos-methyl ee Lomé, Kowie, Aniye iyo Kpeletutu. Dhimashada waxay ahayd 90% Bayda, taasoo muujinaysa iska caabin suurtagal ah oo ku wajahan pirimiphos-methyl. Iska caabbinta DDT, benzodicarb iyo propoxur ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay dhammaan goobaha. Heerar sare oo iska caabbinta pyrethroids ayaa la diiwaan geliyay, iyadoo oxidases, esterases iyo glutathione-s-transferases ay yihiin enzymes-ka sunta ka saara ee mas'uulka ka ah iska caabbinta, sida laga soo xigtay tijaabooyinka isku-dhafka ah. Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee la ogaaday waxay ahaayeen Anopheles gambiae (ss) iyo Anopheles cruzi. Soo noqnoqoshada sare ee kdr L1014F iyo soo noqnoqoshada hoose ee alleles kdr L1014S ayaa laga helay dhammaan goobaha.
Daraasaddani waxay muujinaysaa baahida loo qabo qalab dheeraad ah si loo xoojiyo waxqabadyada xakamaynta duumada ee hadda jira (IRS iyo LLIN).
Isticmaalka sunta cayayaanka waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah barnaamijyada xakamaynta sunta duumada ee Afrika [1]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo ifbaxa iska caabbinta noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee sunta cayayaanka ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta sunta bednet-ka iyo buufinta haraaga gudaha (IRS) waxay naga rabtaa inaan dib u eegno isticmaalka alaabadan iyo maaraynta iska caabbinta sunta [2]. Soo ifbaxa iska caabbinta daroogada ayaa laga soo sheegay dalal kala duwan oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika oo ay ku jiraan Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] iyo gaar ahaan Togo [6, 7]. Daraasado dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa muujiyay in isticmaalka isku-dhafka iyo isku-darka sunta cayayaanka ay kordhiso u nuglaanshaha sunta duumada ee meelaha leh iska caabbinta sare ee pyrethroids [8, 9]. Si loo ilaaliyo joogtaynta istaraatiijiyadaha xakamaynta, waa in la tixgeliyaa isku-darka nidaamsan ee maaraynta iska caabbinta siyaasad kasta oo xakamaynta sunta ah [2]. Dal kasta waa inuu taageeraa hirgelinta barnaamijyada maaraynta iska caabbinta iyada oo loo marayo ogaanshaha iska caabbinta [10]. Sida laga soo xigtay talooyinka Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) [10], maaraynta iska caabbinta waxay ku lug leedahay hirgelinta hab saddex-tallaabo ah oo ay ku jiraan (1) qiimaynta xaaladda u nugul cayayaanka ee vectors-ka, (2) qeexidda xoogga iska caabbinta, iyo (3) qiimaynta hababka jir ahaaneed, iyadoo si gaar ah loo eegayo waxtarka piperonyl butoxide synergist (PBO). Togo, tallaabada ugu horreysa, qiimeynta xaaladda u nuglaanshaha cayayaanka ee vectors-ka duumada, waxaa la sameeyaa 2-3 sano kasta goobaha ilaalada ee Barnaamijka Xakamaynta Duumada Qaranka (NMCP). Xoogga iska caabbinta iyo waxtarka labada tallaabo ee ugu dambeeya (tusaale ahaan, potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), iyo ethacrynic acid (EA)) si ballaaran looma baran.
Ujeedada daraasaddan ayaa ah in wax laga qabto saddexdan dhinac iyo in NMCP la siiyo xog lagu kalsoonaan karo si ay go'aanno uga gaarto maaraynta iska caabbinta ee Togo.
Daraasaddan waxaa la sameeyay laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar 2021 goobo la xushay oo lagu ilaaliyo NMCP oo ku yaal saddex degmo oo caafimaad oo ku yaal koonfurta Togo (Jaantuska 1). Shan goobood oo la socodka NMCP ah ayaa loo doortay kormeer iyadoo lagu saleynayo juqraafi ahaan (aagag nadaafadeed oo kala duwan) iyo astaamaha deegaanka (badanaanta vectors, goobaha taranka ee joogtada ah ee dirxiga): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyere iyo Kpeletoutou (Jadwalka 1).
Daraasaddani waxay muujinaysaa in dadka deegaanka ee kaneecada Anopheles gambiae ee koonfurta Togo ay u adkaystaan dhowr jeermis dile oo waaweyn oo caafimaadka dadweynaha ah, marka laga reebo pirimiphos-methyl. Heerar sare oo iska caabin pyrethroid ah ayaa lagu arkay goobta daraasadda, oo laga yaabo inay la xiriirto ensaymada sunta ka saara (oxidases, esterases iyo glutathione-s-transferases). Isbeddelka kdr L1014F waxaa laga helay labada nooc ee walaalaha ah Anopheles gambiae ss iyo Anopheles kruzi oo leh soo noqnoqosho allele oo kala duwan laakiin sare (>0.50), halka isbeddelka kdr L1014S uu ka dhacay soo noqnoqosho aad u hooseeya waxaana laga helay oo keliya kaneecada Anopheles cruzi. Isku-dubaridayaasha PBO iyo EA waxay qayb ahaan dib u soo celiyeen u nuglaanshaha pyrethroids iyo organochlorines, siday u kala horreeyaan, dhammaan goobaha, halka DEF ay kordhisay u nuglaanshaha carbamates iyo organophosphates dhammaan goobaha marka laga reebo Anye. Xogtani waxay ka caawin kartaa Barnaamijka Xakamaynta Duumada Qaranka ee Togolese inuu horumariyo xeelado xakameyn vector oo wax ku ool ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-23-2024