Kiwifruit waa geed miro dioecious ah oo u baahan pollination miro ay dejiyeen dhirta dheddigga. Daraasaddan, thenidaamiyaha koritaanka dhirta2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ayaa loo isticmaalay kiwifruit Shiinees ah (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') si kor loogu qaado miraha, kor loogu qaado tayada miraha iyo kordhinta dhalidda. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in codsiga exogenous ee 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ay si wax ku ool ah u kicisay parthenocarpy ee kiwifruit ee Shiinaha oo si weyn u wanaajiyay tayada miraha. 140 maalmood ka dib ubax, heerka goynta miraha ee miraha parthenocarpic ee lagu daaweeyay 2,4-D ayaa gaadhay 16.95%. Qaab dhismeedka manka ee ubaxa dheddigga ee lagu daweeyay 2,4-D iyo biyuhu way kala duwanaayeen, iyo waxtarka manka lama ogaan. Markii ay qaangaadheen, miraha 2,4-D-daaweeyay ayaa waxyar ka yaraa kuwa ku jira kooxda kantaroolka, iyo diirkooda, hilibkooda iyo adkayntooda xudunta u ah ayaa aad uga duwan kuwa kooxda kantaroolka ah. Ma jirin farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya maaddooyinka adag ee milmay ee u dhexeeya miraha 2,4-D-daaweeyay iyo midhaha kantaroolka ee qaan-gaarnimada, laakiin walxaha qalalan ee miraha 2,4-D-daaweeyay ayaa ka hooseeya kuwa miraha pollinated.
Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay,Nidaamiyeyaasha koritaanka dhirta (PGR)Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalay in lagu kiciyo parthenocarpy ee dalagyada beeraha ee kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasado dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan isticmaalka xakamaynta koritaanka si loo kiciyo parthenocarpy ee kiwi lama samayn. Warqadan, saamaynta maamulaha koritaanka dhirta 2,4-D ee parthenocarpy ee kiwi ee kala duwanaanta Dunghong iyo isbeddelada guud ahaan ka kooban kiimikada ayaa la darsay. Natiijooyinka la helay waxay bixiyaan saldhig cilmiyaysan oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka macquulka ah ee xakameynaya koritaanka dhirta si loo hagaajiyo miraha kiwi iyo tayada guud ee miraha.
Tijaabada waxaa lagu sameeyay Bangiga Kheyraadka ee Germplasm ee Qaranka ee Wuhan Botanical Garden, Akademiyada Sayniska Shiinaha ee 2024. Saddex caafimaad qaba, aan cudur lahayn, geed Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' oo shan jir ah ayaa loo doortay tijaabada, iyo 250 sida caadiga ah burooyin ubax oo geed kasta laga sameeyay ayaa loo isticmaalay walxo tijaabo ah.
Parthenocarpy waxay u ogolaataa miro inay si guul leh u horumariyaan iyada oo aan pollination, taas oo si gaar ah muhiim ugu ah xaaladaha xaddidan ee pollination. Daraasadani waxay muujisay in parthenocarpy u ogolaanaya set miro iyo horumarinta iyada oo aan pollination iyo bacriminta, taas oo hubinaysa in wax soo saarka deggan hoos xaaladaha suboptimal. Kartida parthenocarpy waxay ku jirtaa awoodda ay u leedahay inay kordhiso miraha lagu dajiyay xaaladaha deegaanka ee xun, taasoo hagaajinaysa tayada dalagga iyo wax-soo-saarka, gaar ahaan marka adeegyada pollinator ay xaddidan yihiin ama maqan yihiin. Qodobbada deegaanka sida xoogga iftiinka, xilliga sawir-qaadista, heerkulka, iyo qoyaanka waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy ee kiwifruit. Xaaladaha xiran ama hadhsan, isbeddelada xaaladaha iftiinka waxay la falgali karaan 2,4-D si ay u beddelaan dheef-shiid kiimikaadka auxin, taas oo kor u qaadi karta ama joojin karta horumarinta miraha parthenocarpic iyadoo ku xiran cultivar. Intaa waxaa dheer, ilaalinta heerkulka xasilloon iyo huurka jawiga la xakameeyey waxay gacan ka geysataa joogteynta dhaqdhaqaaqa hoormoonka iyo kor u qaadista miraha [39]. Daraasadaha mustaqbalka waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu sii sahamiyo hagaajinta xaaladaha deegaanka (iftiin, heerkulka, iyo qoyaanka) ee nidaamyada koraya ee kontoroolka ah si kor loogu qaado 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy iyadoo la ilaalinayo tayada miraha. Habka habaynta deegaanka ee parthenocarpy weli waxay u baahan tahay baaritaan dheeraad ah. Cilmi-baaristu waxay muujisay in qiyaasta hoose ee 2,4-D (5 ppm iyo 10 ppm) ay si guul leh u keeni karto parthenocarpy ee yaanyada oo ay soo saarto miro aan abuur lahayn oo tayo sare leh [37]. Miraha Parthenocarpic waa kuwo aan abuur lahayn oo tayo sare leh, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorasho ku habboon macaamiisha [38]. Maadaama maaddada kiwifruit ee tijaabada ahi ay tahay warshad dioecious ah, hababka pollination-ka dhaqameed waxay u baahan yihiin faragelin gacanta ah oo aad u xoog badan. Si loo xalliyo dhibaatadan, daraasaddan waxay isticmaashay 2,4-D si ay u keento parthenocarpy ee kiwifruit, taas oo si wax ku ool ah uga hortagtay dhimashada miraha oo ay sababtay ubax dhedig ah oo aan la falin. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujiyeen in miraha lagu daweeyay 2,4-D ay si guul leh u horumareen, tirada iniinuhuna aad ayay uga yar yihiin kuwa sida macmalka ah ee loo shubay, tayada midhaha ayaa sidoo kale aad loo hagaajiyay. Sidaa darteed, kicinta parthenocarpy iyada oo loo marayo daaweynta hoormoonka waxay ka gudbi kartaa dhibaatooyinka pollination waxayna soo saari kartaa miro aan abuur lahayn, taas oo aad muhiim ugu ah beerashada ganacsiga.
Daraasaddan, hababka 2,4-D (2,4-D) ee horumarinta midhaha abuur la'aanta iyo tayada kiwifruit cultivar Shiinaha 'Donghong' ayaa si habaysan loo baaray. Iyada oo ku saleysan daraasado hore oo muujinaya in 2,4-D ay keeni karto abuuritaanka miro aan abuur lahayn ee kiwifruit, daraasaddan ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu caddeeyo saameynta sharciyeynta ee daaweynta 2,4-D ee dibedda ee dhaqdhaqaaqa horumarinta miraha iyo samaynta tayada miraha. Natiijooyinku waxay caddeeyeen doorka maamulayaasha koritaanka dhirta ee horumarinta kiwifruit-ka abuur la'aanta waxayna dejiyeen istaraatijiyad daweyn 2,4-D ah oo bixisa aasaas jireed oo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta beero kiwifruit-la'aan ah oo cusub. Daraasadani waxay leedahay saameyno la taaban karo oo muhiim ah oo lagu hagaajinayo waxtarka iyo joogtaynta warshadaha kiwifruit.
Daraasadani waxay muujisay waxtarka daaweynta 2,4-D ee kicinta parthenocarpy ee kiwifruit cultivar Shiinaha 'Donghong'. Tilmaamaha dibadda (ay ku jiraan miisaanka iyo cabbirka miraha) iyo tayada gudaha (sida sonkorta iyo aashitada) inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta miraha ayaa la baaray. Daawaynta 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D ayaa si weyn u wanaajisay tayada dareenka midhaha iyada oo kordhinaysa macaanka iyo hoos u dhaca aysiidhka. Natiijo ahaan, saamiga sonkorta/asiidhka ayaa si aad ah u kordhay, taas oo hagaajisay tayada guud ee miraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaansho weyn ayaa laga helay miisaanka miraha iyo walxaha qalalan ee u dhexeeya 2,4-D-la daweeyey iyo miraha pollinated. Daraasadani waxay bixisaa macluumaad qiimo leh oo ku saabsan parthenocarpy iyo horumarinta tayada miraha ee kiwifruit. Codsiga noocan oo kale ah wuxuu u adeegi karaa beddelka beeralayda kiwifruit ee hiigsanaya inay soo saaraan miraha oo ay helaan wax-soo-saar sare iyada oo aan la isticmaalin noocyo lab ah (pollinated) iyo pollination macmal ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-02-2025