Tusaale ahaan 2014, iibka caalamiga ah ee aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides wuxuu ahaa US$1.217 bilyan, taasoo u dhiganta 4.6% ee US$26.440 bilyan suuqa dhiraynta dhirta iyo 1.9% US$63.212 bilyan suuqa sunta cayayaanka.In kasta oo aanay u fiicneyn dawooyinka herbicides sida amino acids iyo sulfonylureas, waxa ay sidoo kale boos ku leedahay suuqa dhir-dhimista (oo lagu qiimeeyay kaalinta lixaad ee iibka caalamiga ah).
Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) herbicides waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa xakameynta cawska cawska.Waxaa la helay 1960-yadii markii Hoechst (Jarmalka) ay ku bedeshay kooxda phenyl ee qaab dhismeedka 2,4-D oo leh diphenyl ether waxayna soo saartay jiilkii ugu horreeyay ee aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides."Grass Ling".Sannadkii 1971, waxaa la go'aamiyay in qaab dhismeedka giraanta waalidku ka kooban yahay A iyo B. Daawooyinka dhirta ee soo socda ee noocaan ah ayaa wax laga beddelay iyada oo lagu salaynayo iyada oo lagu beddelayo giraanta A benzene ee hal dhinac oo loo beddelo giraanta heterocyclic ama isku dhafan, iyo soo bandhigida kooxaha firfircoon sida F. atamka galay giraanta, taasoo keentay in taxane ah oo badeecooyin leh hawl sare., daawooyin herbicides badan oo door ah.
Qaab dhismeedka herbicide APP
Taariikhda horumarinta ee propionic acid herbicides
Habka wax-qabadka
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides ayaa inta badan horjoogayaasha firfircoon ee acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), taas oo ka hortagaysa isku dhafka acids dufanka leh, taasoo keentay isku dhafka oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, iyo lakabyada waxy iyo geeddi-socodka goynta ayaa xannibay, taasoo keentay in degdeg ah burburinta qaab dhismeedka xuubka dhirta, korodhka qulqulka, iyo ugu dambeyntii dhimashada geedka.
Astaamaha waxtarka sare leh, sunta hooseeya, xulashada sare, badbaadada dalagyada iyo nabaad-guurka fudud ayaa si weyn kor ugu qaaday horumarinta dhirta dhirta.
Muuqaal kale oo ka mid ah AAP herbicides waa in ay si muuqaal ah u firfircoon yihiin, taas oo lagu garto isomers kala duwan oo hoos yimaada qaabdhismeedka kiimikada, iyo isomers kala duwan ayaa leh hawlo dhireed oo kala duwan.Waxaa ka mid ah, R (-) -isomer waxay si wax ku ool ah u joojin kartaa dhaqdhaqaaqa enzyme bartilmaameedka, xannibaya samaynta auxin iyo gibberellin ee haramaha, oo muujiya firfircoonida geedaha yaryar, halka S (+) -isomer asal ahaan aan waxtar lahayn.Farqiga waxtarka u dhexeeya labada waa 8-12 jeer.
Daawooyinka herbicides-ka ganacsiga ee APP waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu farsameeyaa esters, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay si fudud u nuugaan haramaha;si kastaba ha ahaatee, esters caadi ahaan waxay leeyihiin milmayn yar iyo adsorption xoog badan, sidaa darteed ma fududa in la daadiyo oo si fudud ayay u nuugaan haramaha.ciidda dhexdeeda.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl waa phenoxypropionate herbicide oo ay samaysay ciba-Geigy 1981. Magaceeda ganacsi waa Mawduuc, magaceeduna waa (R) -2-[4- (5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyriidyloxy) Propargyl propionate.
Propargyl waa folorayn ka kooban, indhahana firfircoon aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide.Waxa loo isticmaalaa daawaynta jirida iyo caleenta ka dib si loo xakameeyo haramaha cawska ah ee sarreenka, galley, triticale iyo beeraha badarka kale, gaar ahaan cawska sarreenka iyo cawska.Wax ku ool u leh xakamaynta haramaha adag sida miraha duurjoogta ah.Loo isticmaalo daawaynta jirida iyo caleenta ka dib si loo xakameeyo haramaha cawska sanadlaha ah, sida miraha duurjoogta ah, cawska madow ee cawska, cawska foxtail, cawska garoonka, iyo cawska.Qiyaasta waa 30 ~ 60g/hm2.Habka isticmaalka gaarka ah waa: laga bilaabo heerka 2-caleen ee sarreenka ilaa heerka isku dhafka, mari cayayaanka haramaha ee 2-8 heerka caleen.Xilliga jiilaalka, isticmaal 20-30 garaam oo Maiji ah (15% budada qoyan ee clofenacetate) halkii acre.30-40g oo ah budo qoyan oo aad u badan (15% clodinafop-propargyl), ku dar 15-30kg oo biyo ah oo ku buufi si siman.
Habka ficilka iyo sifooyinka clodinafop-propargyl waa acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors iyo herbicides habaysan.Daroogadu waxay ku nuugtaa caleemaha iyo caleemaha caleenta caleenta ee geedka, oo lagu dhex mariyo phloem, oo lagu ururiyo meeriska geedka, taas oo ka hortagaysa acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase waxay joojisaa isku-darka aashitada dufanka leh, waxay ka hortagtaa korriinka unugyada caadiga ah iyo kala qaybsanaanta, waxayna burburisaa dhismooyinka dufanka ku jira sida hababka xuubabka, ugu dambayntiina waxay horseedaa dhimasho.Waqtiga laga bilaabo clodinafop-propargyl ilaa dhimashada haramaha waa mid gaabis ah, guud ahaan waxay qaadataa 1 ilaa 3 toddobaad.
Qaababka caadiga ah ee clodinafop-propargyl waa 8%, 15%, 20%, iyo 30% emulsions aqueous, 15% iyo 24% microemulsions, 15% iyo 20% budada qoyan, iyo 8% iyo 14% hakinta saliida kala firdhisan.24% kareem.
Synthesis
(R) -2- (p-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid waxaa marka hore soo saara falcelinta α-chloropropionic acid iyo hydroquinone, ka dibna la nadiifiyo iyadoo lagu darayo 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine iyada oo aan la kala saarin.Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxay la falgashaa chloropropyne si ay u hesho clodinafop-propargyl.Ka dib crystallization, content alaabtu waxay gaartaa 97% ilaa 98%, iyo wadarta guud ee dhalidda gaadho 85%.
Xaaladda dhoofinta
Xogta Kastamku waxay muujinaysaa in sanadka 2019, dalkaygu uu dhoofiyay lacag dhan 35.77 milyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah (tirakoobka aan dhamaystirnayn, oo ay ku jiraan diyaargarowga iyo dawooyinka farsamada).Waxaa ka mid ah, dalka ugu horreeya ee la soo dejiyo, Kazakhstan, oo soo dejisa inta badan diyaarinta, oo leh lacag dhan 8.6515 US dollars, oo ay ku xigto Ruushka, oo ay ku xigto diyaargarow Waxaa jira baahi loo qabo dawooyinka iyo alaabta ceeriin, iyada oo la soo dejinayo US$ 3.6481 milyan.Meesha saddexaad waa Nederlaan, oo leh mugga soo dejinta US$3.582 milyan.Intaa waxaa dheer, Kanada, Hindiya, Israa'iil, Suudaan iyo dalal kale ayaa sidoo kale ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee loo dhoofiyo ee clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl waa daawo dhireed bariiska u gaar ah oo ay samaysay Dow AgroSciences ee Maraykanka 1987. Sidoo kale waa herbicide kaliya ee aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid kaas oo aad ugu badbaado bariiska.Sannadkii 1998-kii, Dow AgroSciences ee Maraykanka ayaa ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee iska diiwaangeliya farsamada cyhalofop ee dalkayga.Patent-ku waxa uu dhacay 2006-dii, diiwaan-gelinta gudahana midba midka kale ayuu u bilaabmay.Sannadkii 2007, shirkad maxalli ah (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) ayaa markii ugu horreysay is diiwaan galisay.
Magaca ganacsiga Dow waa Clincher, magaceeduna waa (R) -2-[4- (4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (walax firfircoon: 10% cyhalomefen EC) iyo Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), kuwaas oo caan ka noqday suuqa Shiinaha, aad bay waxtar iyo ammaan u yihiin.Waxa ay qabsataa suuqa caadiga ah ee dawooyinka beeraha bariiska ee dalkayga.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, oo la mid ah herbicides-ka kale ee aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid, waa fatty acid synthesis inhibitor waxayna joojisaa acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Inta badan waxaa lagu nuugay caleemaha mana lahan wax dhaqdhaqaaq carro ah.Cyhalofop-ethyl waa nidaam waxaana si degdeg ah loogu nuugaa unugyada dhirta.Daaweynta kiimikaad ka dib, cawska cawska ayaa isla markiiba joogsada korriinka, jaalleedkuna wuxuu dhacaa 2 ilaa 7 maalmood gudahood, geedka oo dhanna wuxuu noqdaa necrotic wuxuuna dhintaa 2 ilaa 3 toddobaad gudahood.
Cyhalofop waxa la mariyaa xaalad degdeg ah ka dib si loo xakameeyo haramaha cawska ah ee beeraha bariiska.Qiyaasta bariiska kulaylaha ah waa 75-100g/hm2, iyo qiyaasta bariiska dhexdhexaadka ah waa 180-310g/hm2.Waxay aad waxtar ugu leedahay Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Cawska buunshaha yar yar, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, masago-caleenta wadnaha, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, iwm.
Qaado isticmaalka 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC tusaale ahaan.Marxaladda caleenta 1.5-2.5 ee barnyardgrass ee beeraha seedling bariiska iyo 2-3 caleen caleen ah ee stephanotis ee beeraha bariiska si toos ah-seeded, afkoda iyo caleemaha waa la buufiyaa oo si siman u buufiyo ceeryaamo wanaagsan.Ka daadi biyaha ka hor intaadan isticmaalin sunta cayayaanka si ay in ka badan 2/3 ee cawska afkoda iyo caleemaha ay u soo baxaan biyaha.Waraab 24 saacadood ilaa 72 saacadood ka dib codsiga sunta cayayaanka, oo ilaali lakabka biyaha 3-5 cm 5-7 maalmood.Ha isticmaalin wax ka badan hal mar xilli beereedka bariiska.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la ogaadaa in dawadani ay aad ugu suntan tahay arthropods-ka biyaha, markaa iska ilaali qulqulka goobaha aquaculture.Marka lagu daro qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka herbicides ee ballaadhan, waxa laga yaabaa inay soo bandhigto saameyn liddi ku ah, taasoo keenta hoos u dhaca waxtarka cyhalofop.
Qaababka qiyaasta qiyaasta ugu weyn waa: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl budada qoyan (20%), cyhalofop-methyl emulsion aqueous (10%, 15%) . ka joojinta (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);Waxyaalaha isku dhafka ah waxaa ka mid ah oxafop-propyl iyo penoxsufen Compound of amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, iwm.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-24-2024